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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 



Cliap.Ql^^Copyright i\o 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



A REVOLUTION 



IN THE 



SCIENCE ■ COSMOLOGY 



THE KEY STONE TO THE ARCH OF 
SCIENCE. 



-by- 
GEORGE CAMPBELL. 



OSWEGO, KANSAS : 
1900 



79960 

> 

Library of Congress 

Two Copies Receiveo 
NOV 24 1900 

Copyright etfry 

SECOND COPY 

Oeiivored to 

ORDER DIVISION 

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Copyrighted.. All Rights Reserved. 



LC Control Number 




tmp96 027221 



INTRODUCTION. 



The contents of this volume, include the latest 
data, bearing upon the question discussed herein, 
and have been collated by the author wherever 
obtainable^ and at great expense, from all parts 
of the world. 

The great telescopes, recently placed in posi- 
tion by the various progressive nations, have com- 
pletely revolutionized 

THE SCIENCE OF COSMOLOGY 

and within the telescopic field, we are now enabled 
to watch, and even photograph, the developing uni- 
verse of matter, through the various stages of 
planetary growth; from the primary gases of the 
cosmos, to the fully developed world like the earth 
and other globes of the system. 

The old scientific theory, that the primitive 
earth was fused as a result of intense heat, is dis- 
proved by evidence in nature under natural law, and 
the fact is established, that the earth teas never in. a 
state of fusion but is at present gradually under- 
going the process of fusion, and in the language 
of the scripture- ' \ The elements of the earth shall 
melt tvith fervent heat.'" The sun has under gone 
this process and is now a luminous body, but was 
at one time opaque like the earth and other globes 
of the system. 

The primary earth was covered with water, 
and the polar continents were the first lands to ap- 
pear above the surface of the water, and at that 
time were semi-tropical countries, and are therefore 
the cradle of primary plant and animal life. 



4 Introduction. 

Bishop Simpson upon one occasion was told by 
a scientist, that the Bible narration of the creation 
was false; and was opposed to the natural law, 
that governed the cooling process of the world, 
And he was informed by the scientist, that the 
primary earth was of igneous origin, that it 
was a ball of liquid seething /ire, and that by radia- 
tion of heat from the service of the fused globe, 
a crust was formed, which has become thicker and 
firmer as the cooling process continued, and that 
the so-called inspired writers were ignorant of 
this fact, and boldly proclaimed that the elements 
of the earth "shall melt" when the facts were, the 
elements had already been melted millions of 
years previous. 

The Bishop was further informed, that as a 
scientific proposition, it required about 6,000 de- 
grees of heat to fuse the earthy material, and that 
it was a physical impossibility for the primitive 
earth to possess this high temperature, and at the 
same time to be covered with water as recorded by 
Moses in the first day of creation; and that the 
Bishop could not sustain the Bible narration of 
creation by evidence in nature, the natural basis on 
which must rest the true theory of the creation 
of the world. 

The Bishop informed the scientist that he had 
perfect confidence in the truth of the Bible narra- 
tion of the creation, and that he believed God in 
his providence, would raise up scientists, who 
would prove the correctness of the scriptural ac- 
count of the creation of the world, from the evi- 
dence in nature, under natural law as cause and 
effect, and thus sustain the Bible in the account 
of the creation by outside proofs. 



Introduction, 5 

In the light of recent scientific developments, 
the words of the late Bishop Simpson seems al- 
most prophetic; the revolution he foresaw in 
science is come; error is dissipated, and the truth 
of the Bible narration established as a scientific 
proposition, in the light of natural law, as evidenced 
in nature, 

This discussion of a developing universe from 
primary matter is from a nmv stand point of logic, 
the result of recent discoveries in science, and a 
practical application of scientific truth, and the 
reader will readily understand how natural law, as 
an attribute of Diety, operated in the development 
of the earth from the originary matter of cosmos; 
how continents were elevated above the surface of 
the water; and how the climate of the Polar con- 
tinents was changed from that of semi-tropical, 
abounding in elephants, rhinoceros, crocodiles, tor- 
toises and other species of animal and plant life 
known only to the tropics, to one of intense frigidity, 
in which all former animal and plant life perished. 

The author, as a professor and teacher of the 
natural sciences for many years, early became 
convinced, that the theory of Cosmology, as em- 
bodied in the text books of science, was not true, 
and needed correction; and to correct this error, 
and place the science on a higher plane of prog- 
ress, occupied by others and less important 
branches of science, is the object of this work; 
and the candid judgment of an impartial public is 
asked upon the facts, herein submitted by the 
author. George Campbell, 

Oswego, Kansas. 



SUHMARY OF CONTENTS. 



First. — That atoms of space were, and are, 
the forms of original matter from which were de- 
veloped the material creation under a system of 
natural laws. 

Second.— The earth was not developed from 
a condition of intense heat; neither was the mat- 
ter of the primitive earth fused, but is now grad- 
ually, undergoing the fusion process as a result of 
natural law. 

Third. — The matter of the primary earth was 
cold and frigid, possessing a temperature minus more 
than 460 degrees; and this intense cold, coupled 
with electricity, condensed the matter of inter- 
stellar space and caused combinations of atoms to 
form, and eventually worlds. 

Fourth. — When the matter of the earth was 
sufficiently condensed, under natural laws, to form 
a globe, the water being lighter than the solid 
matter, rose to the surface; and the earth at that 
time was covered with water, except a small con- 
tinent at either pole; which continents were 
formed by the parting of the waters, as the result 
of the revolution of the earth upon its axis. 

Fifth. — The polar continents being the first 
land to appear above the surface of the water, it 
follows that these continents are the cradle of 
primary animal and plant life, upon the earth, as 



Summary. 7 

the other continents were not developed until a 
later period, and under another system of natural 
laws. 

Sixth. — The law that developed what is now 
the Eastern and Western continents, changed the 
temperature of the polar continents from a semi- 
tropical to one of great frigidity, in which all forms 
of plant and animal life perished — went out amid 
the roar of a tempest, in the darkness of the night; 
in the terror of cosmic convulsions incident to 
planetary growth and world development — and the 
remains of these semi-tropical animals now con- 
stitute many of the island groups of the Arctic 
seas; and even on the northern coast of Siberia 
the polar elephant was cast ashore in such num- 
bers, that their tusks are now an article of mer- 
chandise, and gathered and sold in great quanti- * 
ties by the natives as old ivory. 

Seventh. — The material for this book is the 
result of many years' study and collation of facts 
by its author, and is a revolution in science; and so 
complete that it has been called the true theory of 
the creation, including the birth, development and 
decay of planetary life, under a system of natural 
laws, verified and illustrated by charts made from 
photographs of nebula of worlds and systems of 
worlds; showing the various stages of a develop- 
ing universe, from the originary matter of cosmos. 



The Material Creation and the Process of Evolution in a 
Developing Universe, Under Natural Law. 



THE CREATION. 



The subject of the creation is in no sense of 
the word a new subject, for it is one that has come 
down to us through the ages, and is hoary with 
the years of contention. 

History tells us the creation has always been, 
from the dawn of history, a mooted question, that 
it was discussed by the priests of Chaldea, the shep- 
herd kings of the Orient, and all the sages and phil- 
osophers of antiquity, thousands of years, before 
the advent of the christian era; that it is one of the 
few questions, handed down from a remote past, 
of which it may be truthfully said, it has been dis- 
cussed by all peoples and in all tongues, and yet 
results are unsatisfactory and even contradictory, 
when viewed from the standpoint, of an educated, 
intelligent arid aroused public sentiment, such as 
is characteristic of the closing years of the nine- 
teenth, and the dawning light of the twentieth 
century, under christian civilization, and christian 
enlightenment. 

When we turn back the pages of the world's 
progress, to the remote periods of the past, we 
find, that from the earliest authentic history of 
mankind, that two ideas with reference to the ere- 



10 A Revolution in tiie 

ation, nearly opposite in effect, have obtained 
among the people, and these ideas have gone 
hand in hand down through the centuries, with 
varying successes, first in the interest of one, and 
then in the interest of the other, and one of these 
ideas, is embodied in the Bible account 4 of the crea- 
tion, and the other, in the scientific theory of the 
creation of the world. 

The Bible gives us to understand that the 
earth is of aqueous origin ; and that in the first day 
of the creation (which we understand to mean the 
first period of the earth's growth), that the earth 
was covered with water. Genesis tells us: «' The 
Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters, 
and that God divided the waters from the waters 
and caused the dry land to appear;" and this same 
statement of fact, is contained in the Koran of the 
Mohammedans, the Quinches of the Aztecs, and 
in all the other volumes containing the creeds and 
dogmas of the world's religionists. All seem to 
concur in the one statement of fact, that the primi- 
tive earth was covered with water. 

Science, on the contrary, asserts that the earth 
is of igneous origin; that it was evolved from a 
condition of fervent heat, and that the originary 
gases of the earth, possessed a temperature of 
more than 6,000 degrees of heat; and that the va&t 
globe of fused matter, was detached and thrown 
off from the sun body, far out into space, where it 
took upon itself a fixed position, with reference to 
the sun and other globes of the system, and began 
to revolve upon its axis, in an orbit around the sun, 
similar to the earth of today. That this fused 
globe, gradually cooled by radiating heat from its 



Science of Cosmology. 11 

surface, until a crust was formed; and that this 
crust gradually became thicker and firmer, as the 
cooling process continued, until it has ultimately 
become fitted for the abode of animal and plant 
life. 

These in brief are the two ideas, that the 
world has been discussing for more than six 
thousand years; the one aqueous, the other igne- 
ous; the first resting upon the Bible narration of 
the creation; and the second, upon the so-called 
scientific theory of the creation of the world. 

Both these ideas, cannot be true, as they are 
antagonistic to each other. The earth could not 
have been fused in the first period of its growth; 
and while yet possessing a temperature of more 
than 6,000 degrees of heat, be covered with water, 
as Moses tells us was the case in the first period of 
the earth's growth. Again the Bible tells us, that 
the elements of the earth shall melt with fervent 
heat; a future contingency; and science says, the 
elements of earth have already been melted mil- 
lions of years ago. 

The Bible offers no proof in support of the 
idea, that the earth is of aqueous origin, but as is 
the custom in all other Bible cases, there is a mere 
statement of fact, and the reader is left to supply 
proofs, if desired, from all the fields of research 
and investigation in nature. 

Science on the contrary, offers proof in support 
of its theory, of the primitive fusion of the earth, 
and as positive knowledge upon this subject is im- 
possible, the theory of the primitive fusion of the 
earth must stand or fall accordingly, as it is sus- 
tained or controverted by evidence in nature, 



12 A Revolution in the 

under natural law; for the true idea or theory of 
the creation, must be in harmony with natural law, 
as cause and effect in nature; natural law, as an 
attribute of Deity, being the cause; and the facts, 
or, conditions as we observe them in nature, the 
effects of this direct cause. 

The principal proofs, offered by scientists, in 
support of the theory of the primitive fusion of 
the earth, briefly stated, are as follows: 

First. That the earth has assumed the same 
form, that a fused globe, the size of the earth 
would assume, revolving at the same rate as the 
earth. In other words, the earth being in a fused 
state, and caused to revolve, there was imparted to 
matter a centrif ugality, a tendency to fly off from 
the center of motion, or, the axis of revolution; 
and this caused a bulge in the region of the equa 
tor, and a corresponding drawing in or depression 
at the poles, which resulted in an increase of the 
equatorial diameter over the polar diameter of 
about twenty-six miles, changing its form from a 
sphere to a sphereoid, and this fact is cited, as 
proof one, and the strongest proof, in support of 
theory of primitive fusion of the entire earth, 

Second. That the earth consists of a crust, 
about 59 miles in thickness; and that all beneath 
this <3rust is fused matter, intensely heated; but 
that this vast interior furnace, is gradually part- 
ing with its heat, and the matter is fast becoming 
a solid; and adding itself to the crust of the earth 
already formed; and scientists say, that after a 
lapse of time, perhaps millions of years (some say 
thirty million years), the earth will become a 
solid body, a cold and frigid world, like the moon; 



Science of Cosmology. 13 

devoid of all flora and fauna such as is now known 
to the world; and they cite these assumed facts, 
assumed at least in part, as proof two, in support 
of the theory of the primitive fusion of the whole 
earth. 

Third. They call our attention to the further 
fact, that within the polar circles of the earth, 
exist the fossil of extinct plant and animal life of 
a tropical nature and in the greatest abundance; 
and that many of the islands in the Arctic ocean, 
are formed almost entirely of animal remains; the 
carcasses apparently piled one upon the other, 
until they extended above the surface of the ocean, 
and now constitute the island groups of the Arctic 
Sea. 

They also call our attention to the northern 
coast of Siberia, where a similar condition exists. 
This coast now possesses a climate of intense fri- 
gidity, yet, strewn over these grounds in the 
greatest profusion, are the remains of tropical 
animals, and here we find the tusks of the elephant 
and mammoth, in such vast quantities, that the 
natives gather and sell them for old ivory; and 
the trade has become so extensive in this line, that 
many ships are required to transport these pro- 
ducts, which facts, attest the abundance of tropi- 
cal animals, that at some remote period in the 
world's history, must have existed, upon what are 
now bleak and frigid zones. 

Scientists enumerate these facts, and cite 
them as a proof, that at some remote period in the 
earth's history, the torrid zone extended over its 
entire surface, not as a result of the sun's in- 
fluence, but by reason of the radiation of heat from 



14 A Revolution in the 

the newly formed crust of the earth, that enclosed 
the fused interior; and this is classed as proof three 
in support of the theory of the primitive fusion 
of the entire globe. 

Fourth. As proof fourth, they call our atten- 
tion to the unstratified rocks of the earth, as they 
appear in the mountain systems, where they give 
evidence of having been formed in water, under 
great pressure, then heated to an high degree by 
volcanic agencies, and in some instances fused, as 
is the case in all the mountain cores; and it being 
conceded that these rocks constitute the great bulk 
of the earth, and that in the mountain systems 
they have been thrown from a great depth below 
to the surface of the globe in a highly heated or 
fused condition; these facts are cited, as proof four 
in support of the the theory of the primitive 
fusion of the earth's mass. 

We will now examine under separate heads, 
these proofs; that it is claimed by scientists, at- 
test the evolution of the earth from a condition of 
fervent heat, as their theory must stand or fall, 
accordingly as it is sustained or controverted by 
the facts in nature, under natural law; for the true 
theory of the creation when discovered, as has al- 
ready been stated, will be in harmony with natural 
law as cause and effect in nature; natural law, as 
an attribute of Deity, being the direct cause; and 
the facts as they exist in nature, the effects that 
must follow, and always be in harmony, with the 
cause that produced them. 



Examination of the First Proof Submitted by Scientists in 

Support of the Theory of the Primitive 

Fusion of the Earth. 



We shall introduce this chapter, by calling 
the attention of the reader to the fact, that obser- 
vation and experience teach us, that the Supreme 
Intelligence who fashioned the universe, created a 
system of natural law, not only for the govern- 
ment of the world, but matter in all its forms. 
Organized matter comes into being at the behest 
of natural law, and dissolution and death ensues, 
in accordance with the same superior power; hence 
we may say, that natural law, is an attribute of 
Deity, and governs the creation in all its forms. 

This proposition being conceded, it then fol- 
lows; if the earth was primarily fused by reason 
of intense heat, the results that would follow the 
cooling process of the world will be in harmony 
with natural law; and the facts of the creation, as 
we observe them in nature, will be such facts, as 
would naturally result, or follow the cooling pro- 
cess of the world, under the natural law, that 
would obtain during the cooling period. 

The first natural law to which we will direct 
our attention, is that with reference to heat and 
cold, which briefly stated is: " That all matter ex- 
pands under the influence of heat, and contracts under 
the influence of cold, ' ' and this law applies to all 
substances in nature, and applies to liquids and 
gases as well as solids, until they reach their 

[21 



16 A Revolution in the 

maximum density, when they sometimes change 
their form, and are not in their natural state, but 
are yet, subject, to the natural law, that obtains in 
their changed condition. 

All substances in nature, may exist in either 
of three forms, as a gas, as a liquid, or, as a solid. 
If we take a piece of steel, which is justly cele- 
brated for its power of resistance, and submit it to 
the necessary degree of heat, we change its form, 
and convert it into a liquid. If we continue to in- 
crease its temperature the expansive force will 
become so great, that the particles of steel will 
dissipate and form a vapor or gas, and we thus 
behold in this example the three forms of exist- 
ence, solid, liquid and gaseous, which is common 
to all the matter of the universe of creation. 

Keeping in mind this general law, that all 
matter expands under the influence of heat, and 
contracts under the influence of cold, and that the 
degree of expansion in matter, is only limited by 
the degree of heat applied, it is obvious that if the 
elements of the earth were primarily fused, as a 
result of intense heat, the matter of earth, by 
reason of the expansive force of the heat, would 
occupy a much greater amount of space in its fused 
condition, than it would have occupied in a solid 
or congealed state, and if a crust in fact formed 
upon the suface of the fused globe; that crust 
would of necessity, have been as large in diameter 
and circumference as the fused globe of lava. 

We can form some idea of the magnitude ot 
the fused earth, as compared to what it would have 
been, had its elements existed as a solid, when we 
take into consideration, that the sun's temperature 



Science of Cosmology. 17 

is plus 10,000 degrees of heat, and if the earth's 
matter was detached or thrown from the sun body, 
as claimed by scientists, and possessed about the 
same temperature, it is reasonable to presume, 
that it occupied in its fused condition more than 
twice the volume of space, that it would have oc- 
cupied as a solid, and that as the fused matter con- 
gealed and added to the crust already formed, 
vacuums were created; for it would be a physical 
impossibility for the matter of the earth when 
cooled to a temperature, that caused it to assume 
a solid form, to occupy all the space as a solid that 
it occupied as a liquid, possessing the high tem- 
perature already stated. 

Scientists concede this fact, and state that the 
vacuums were formed immediately below the crust 
of the earth, and that the crust shrunk or fell as 
it were by reason of such vacuum underneath and 
atmospheric pressure above, and that this contrac- 
tion of the earth's crust, gave rise to the uneven 
appearance of the globe. 

In arriving at this conclusion, however, scien- 
tists have evidently disregarded the existence of 
another natural law, which is as unerring in its 
application to matter, as the law with reference to 
heat and cold, and this law is known as the law of 
centrifugality. 

It is a demonstrated fact, that matter assum- 
ing the form of a globe, and caused to revolve, 
creates a tendency in the matter to fly off from the 
center of motion, or the axis of revolution, and 
this tendency is known as the law of centrifugality 
and is always in proportion to the velocity of the 



18 A Revolution in the 

revolving body. Scientists recognize the exist- 
ence of this law, when they say, that the revolu- 
tion of the earth upon its axis while in a fused 
state, changed its form, from a sphere to a 
sphereoid. The same law, however, that made 
the earth a sphereoid, instead of a sphere, if their 
theory be true, would have caused all the vacuums 
to form at the center of motion, the line or axis of 
revolution, a fact easily observed in revolving 
bodies. We can exemplify this law, by placing 
water in a bucket and swinging it in a circle, the 
plane of which would be parallel with the upright 
position of the body. It will be observed that 
there is a tendency in the water thus put in motion, 
to fly off from the center of motion, or the axis of 
revolution, but it is restrained from doing so by 
coming in contact with the bottom of the bucket; 
this force of centrifugality keeps the water in the 
bucket in constant contact with the bottom, and 
notwithstanding the fact, that the bucket in making 
the revolution is a part of the time inverted, the 
water still remains in it, held firmly by the law of 
centrifugality. 

So it would have been with the earth. If the 
earth had been primarily fused, and possessed the 
high temperature ascribed to it, and a crust had 
formed upon its surface in its expanded state, and 
in this condition it began to revolve, there would 
have been created in the matter, a tendency to fly 
off from the center of motion, or, the axis of revo- 
lution, but it would be restrained from doing so, 
by coming in contact with the crust of the earth 
already formed, in like manner as the water was 
restrained by being in contact with the bottom of 



Science of Cosmology. 19 

the bucket. This law of centrifugality would have 
kept the fused matter of the earth, in constant 
contact with the crust of the earth; and as the 
fused matter parted with its heat and assumed the 
form of a solid, it would add on to the crust al- 
ready formed; all subsequent formations being but 
a continuation of the first incrustation, and there 
would have been no such thing in nature as the 
unstratified rocks of the earth; and yet, the un- 
stratified rocks, constitute the great bulk of the 
earth, and have not been accounted for and cannot 
be under the theory of the primitive fusion of the 
earth; they contradict the theory, and prove it is 
not true, for the facts of the creation are not in 
harmony with the natural law that would obtain, 
in the cooling process of the world. 

The stratified rocks of the earth, constitute 
but a small part of its bulk; they being about 13 
miles in thickness at the equator, and diminish 
gradually in thickness to the north and south from 
the equator, and disappear slightly within the 
polar circles, where the unstratified rocks form 
the surface of the globe as well as the interior. 

No scientist claims, that the stratified rocks 
are of igneous origin; for they seem to be wound 
on the earth as yarn is wound onto a ball, and this 
was done, when the earth was covered with water, 
in the region of the stratified formation; for they 
prove to have been formed in water and were 
never in a state of fusion, and contradict the theory 
of the primitive fusion of the earth, so far as they 
are concerned. 

Another fact might be mentioned in connec- 
tion with the stratified rocks, that seems to have 



20 A Revolution in the 

escaped the eye of the devotee of science, and that 
is, if it were possible for us to unwind the 
stratified rock from the earth at the region of the 
equator, there would then remain the unstratified 
rocks at the equator, the same as at the poles of 
the earth, and the equatorial diameter of the earth, 
would then be the same as the polar diameter, and 
proves that the 26 miles excess, in the equa- 
torial diameter of the earth, over the polar di- 
ameter, is not due to the revolution of the earth 
upon its axis while in a fused state, but to the 
super addition of the stratified rocks which were 
wound on to the aggregation of small globes, that 
now constitute the unstratified rocks, and hence 
proof one, and the strongest proof offered by- 
scientists in support of the theory of the primi- 
tive fusion of the earth, must fall, as the facts of 
the creation, as they exist in nature, dispute the 
theory, under the natural law, that governed the 
creation of the world, in the congealing process of 
the globe. 



Examination of Proof Two, in Support of the Theory of 
the Primitive Fusion of the Earth. 



Reverting back to proof two. that the earth 
consists of a crust, about 59 miles in thickness, 
and that all beneath this crust is fused matter, and 
that this fact, is an evidence, that the whole earth 
was primarily fused; while to the casual observer 
this would be a strong presumption in its favor, 
yet, when this proof is examined in the light of 
natural law, it not only fails to sustain the theory, 
but actually disproves it. 

Solar heat results from the condensation or 
pressure of matter, as we shall prove in a sub- 
sequent chapter, and terrestrial heat, in the in- 
terior of the earth, is due to the same cause. Any 
degree of heat can be generated by pressure; and 
this fact, has been observed in deep mines, and in 
boring to great depths into the earth. 

The British Association, in the interest of 
science, has made many experiments in boring to 
a great depth in England, France, Germany, 
Mexico, the United States and many other coun- 
tries, and they find the average increase of tem- 
perature as they descend into the earth below the 
plane effected by the sun's rays, to be about one 
degree to every 45 feet; and the increase in heat 
is always in proportion to the condensation, 
pressure or, weight of the matter. 

If we should take a cubic foot of earth matter, 
and pile upon it foot after foot of earthy material, 



22 A Revolution in the 

until the column extends upward to the height of 
59i miles, the pressure at the base of this column, 
is sufficient to generate a heat approximating 6,400 
degrees; which would be a temperature sufficiently 
intense, to melt all known rocks; and hence before 
we could complete the column of earth matter, the 
base would be in a state of fusion, as a result of 
the intense heat, generated by the weight or 
pressure of the column; and this same law op- 
erated in the fusion of the interior of the globe. 

The earth is about 8,000 miles in diameter, 
and the matter at the center of the earth, must 
sustain the combined weight or, pressure of earth 
matter, from the center to the surface of the 
sphere, which would equal a column of matter 
4,000 miles in height, or one half the diameter of 
the globe. 

The pressure of such a column of matter at 
its base, or, the center of the earth is such, that 
the finite mind cannot comprehend it, and is capa- 
ble of compressing rock into i of its volume, 
and steel into \ of its size at the surface of the 
earth, and which pressure is sufficient to generate 
a heat approximating 475,000 degrees. 

It is safe to assume, however, that the matter 
of the earth never possessed a temperature of such 
intensity, and that long before the earth reached its 
present density, the heat generated at its center, 
fused the solid matter; and this is the cause of the 
interior heat, and the fusion of the interior unstra- 
tified rocks of the earth. With the present density 
of the earth, at a depth below the surface of 7,290 
feet, the pressure is sufficient to generate a heat 
that will boil water upon the surface of the globe, 



Science of Cosmology. 23 

and at the depth of 59^ miles, the heat generated 
will exceed 6,400 degrees, and is sufficient to melt 
all known rocks; hence, we may assume, that the 
shell of the earth is about 59 miles in thickness, 
and that all below this depth is in a fused state, as 
a result of heat generated by the pressure of the 
earth matter to a common center. On this theory, 
we can account for the mountain systems of the 
earth, and other phenomena, which cannot be ac- 
counted for under the theory of the primitive 
fusion of the globe. 

Any one, that has visited the mountain sys- 
tems, have doubtless noticed the confusion of 
rocks, of different formations, piled one upon 
another, which evidence an explosion, and par- 
oxysm in nature, that has thrown these rocks 
from the interior many miles above the surface of 
the earth, and they fell back into the chasms, and 
outside the chasms in a confused mass, and form 
the mountain systems of the globe; and now serve 
as silent, but potential witnesses of the magni- 
tude of the upheaval of that period of the world's 
development and planetary growth. 

The mountain systems of the world evidence 
the operation of natural law, in their formation: 
for as we have observed, all matter expands under 
the influence of heat, and contracts under the in- 
fluence of cold, and the matter in the interior of 
the earth being reduced from a solid to a liquid 
state by means of heat, greatly expanded; and as 
the matter of the entire earth increased in density 
the pressure of the matter at the center increased, 
in proportion, and the heat generated progressed in 
like ratio, and as the fused matter was augmented in 



24 A Revolution in the 

volume the expansive force increased, and finally 
became so great, that the shell of the earth burst, 
and the explosion resulted, in the formation, at 
different periods, of the several mountain systems 
of the globe. These mountain systems could not 
have existed if the earth had been primarily fused, 
for in that condition the entire mass of the earth 
would have been a liquid, and subject to the laws 
of liquids, and its whole surface would have been 
a plane, conforming to the spherosity of the earth. 
That is, the matter of the earth being free to act 
would have arranged itself according to the laws 
of gravitation; and every point upon the surface of 
the fused globe, would have been equally distant 
from the center, and if the crust formed upon its 
surface at that time, it would have conformed in 
all respects, to the surface of the liquid globe; and 
by reason of the revolution of the globe upon its 
axis the fused matter would have been kept in 
constant contact with the crust of the earth, which 
would have caused it to retain its original form; 
and hence, there would have been no hills, moun- 
tains and valleys upon the surface of the world, 
if the theory of the primitive fusion of the earth is 
true; and the fact that the surface of the globe 
abounds in hills, valleys and mountains, disprove 
the theory of the primitive fusion of the earth; for 
the facts of the creation, are not in harmony with 
natural law that would obtain, in the cooling pro- 
cess of the globe. 



Examination of the Third Proof, Offered in Support of 
the Theory of the Primitive Fusion of the Earth. 



It is conceded, that within the polar circles of 
the earth, tropical or, semi-tropical animals have 
existed in the greatest profusion, and that the 
climate at the poles was suddenly changed from a 
tropical to one of great frigidity in which all former 
plant and animal life perished, and that animal 
remains were frozen so quickly, that the undi- 
gested food consisting of tropical bulbs and leaves, 
were found in the stomachs of these tropical 
beasts in as perfect a state of preservation, as 
when it was taken into the stomach perhaps 
thousands of years previous, proving that they 
were quietly feeding, when the crisis came; and 
that they were panic* stricken, and crowded to- 
gether, the vicious and the timid, and now their 
remains occupy a common grave, resulting from a 
common cause, the sudden change of climate. 
This sudden change of climate from a semi-trop- 
ical to a frigid temperature, could not have resulted 
from the gradual cooling of the earth's crust, but 
resulted from another cause, that will be explained 
under another head in this treatise. 

If the earth was primarily fused, and a crust 
had formed upon its surface, it is conceded that 
the crust being heated, would radiate a sufficient 
amount of heat, perhaps, to make the entire sur- 
face of the earth semi tropical at some period in 
its history; but the cooling process would have 



26 A Revolution in the 

been slow and gradual, and covering many cen- 
turies; and no sudden changes, such as is indi- 
cated by the frozen animal remains, and the frozen 
food in their stomachs, could have taken place, 
and this sudden change of temperature, disproves 
the theory of the primitive fusion of the earth; 
as the facts of the creation as attested by the con- 
ditions in the far north, are not in harmony with 
the fusion theory, and successfully challenge its 
correctness and disproves it. 

Again, if the tropical climate at the north 
pole, resulted from the radiation of heat from the 
crust of the earth, the same climate would have 
prevailed at some period, over the entire surface 
of the earth, and fossil of tropical plant and 
animal life, would have been scattered over the 
entire surface -of the globe; yet, strange to say, 
tropical animal and plant life, never existed in 
the temperate zones of the earth; and the only 
fossil of these species, found within the temperate 
zones, has drifted from the far north, during the 
glacial period, or, the breaking up of the ice, in 
the north polar region; that under natural law, 
had encased for ages, and held in its icy grip, the 
forms of its former flora and fauna; and later by a 
natural law, scatters these remains far to the south, 
to serve as a key for the future ages, to unlock the 
mysteries of a shrouded and icy past. 

When we take into consideration, the extent 
of the island groups in the Arctic sea, that are 
formed almost entirely from the remains of trop- 
ical animals, we marvel at the magnitude of these 
island tombs, and the fearful mortality, that £Qone 
gave them existence. 



Science of Cosmology. 27 

Excavations have been made, upon many of 
these islands, some to a depth of forty feet, without 
passing through the entire stratum of animal mat- 
ter; and there seems but one theory that can ac- 
count for their formation, and that is, the north 
pole of the earth was suddenly turned from the sun, 
and remained in that position for ages; and that as 
soon as the change came, darkness and intense cold 
prevailed, in the polar region, and water engulfed 
the land; and the frightened brutes, huddled to- 
gether on the higher grounds, and as the waters 
rose, the stronger beasts climbed to the backs of 
the weaker ones, until all perished; and the polar 
ice encased their remains for ages, and finally 
upon the breaking up of the arctic ice, as we shall 
show under the chapter entitled The True Theory 
of the Creation, many of the remains of tropical 
animals and plants, were carried to the south by 
glaciers, and are strewn over the lands, perhaps 
to arouse the thoughts, and incite the action of the 
people to investigate the mj^steries of the past, 
that has been hidden in the north, during the 
lapse of the centuries. 

There is another fact, coupled with the exist- 
ence of the typical animal life in the far north, 
which makes the theory of the primitive fusion of 
the earth utterly untenable, and that is, that dur- 
ing the tropical period, the evidence of animal re- 
mains prove, there was perpetual day in the polar 
region. 

Perhaps, the best evidence of this fact, was 
the result of an incident, a little more than one 
hundred years ago. In 1799 a Tongoose fisher- 
man, by the name of Schumachoff, discovered on 



28 A Revolution in the 

the banks near the mouth of the Lena river, in 
Siberia, the body of a tremendous elephant, en- 
cased in crystal ice of immense thickness. It took 
the ice about five years, to melt sufficiently, to ex- 
pose the body of the beast, that had floated in the 
cold polar waters, perhaps for ages, before it was 
cast ashore. 

This animal was found to be in a perfect state 
of preservation, and its flesh was used for food, by 
the natives, and was as sweet and juicy as it was, 
perhaps, thousands of years previous, when its 
carcas was entombed in its casket of ice, to await 
the coming of the centuries. 

The bulbs, boughs and leaves in its stomach, 
were in a perfect state of preservation, and proved 
to be of tropical, or, semi-tropical growth; and 
the texture of the plants showed, that they had 
grown in a country of great fertility, where there 
was no frost, but excessive moisture, with a mod- 
erate degree of heat. This animal was also cov- 
ered with hair, which is found to be the case with 
the mammoth, the rhinoceros, and m any other 
tropical animals, and distinguish them from like 
species that exist in the tropics; and disposes of the 
theory, advanced by several scientists, that the 
specimen fossil of these beasts in the north, had 
drifted from the torrid zones, by the ocean cur- 
rents; a theory wholly untenable, and impossible 
of demonstration and belief. 

But the most important part of this discovery, 
was the manner in which the eye of this great 
beast was constructed. It was early observed in 
all mammals, and in the animal creation in general, 
that the eye was so formed as to adjust itself to 



Science of Cosmology. 29 

the degree of light encountered, by enlarging or 
contracting the pupil. The polar elephant, that 
was found near the mouth of the Lena river, was 
not so provided; and the construction of the eye 
indicated, that it had existed in a country, where 
there was no night, but a country of perpetual 
day, with a light, however, not of the brilliant 
character, such as often prevail in the torrid and 
temperate zones. 

The eyes of other tropical animals, that have 
drifted from the far north, have also been ex- 
amined, and while the specimens have not been 
perfect except in the one instance, they all indicate 
a country of perpetual day, which condition could 
not have existed if the theory of the primitive 
fusion of the earth be true; and these facts, con- 
ceded by scientists, disprove the theory, "that the 
earth was evolved from a condition of fervent 
heat," for the facts of the creation are not in ac- 
cord with natural law, on the theory, of a fused 
globe. 



Examination of the Fourth Proof, Offered by Scientists, 

in Support of the Theory of the Primitive 

Fusion of the Earth. 



We now approach the fourth proof, offered by 
scientists, to sustain their theory of the primitive 
fusion of the globe, and briefly stated is: That 
the unstratified rocks, as they appear in the 
mountain systems of the earth, proved to have 
been formed in water under great pressure, and 
then heated to a high degree by volcanic agencies, 
and in some instances fused, as is the case in the 
mountain cores; and that inasmuch as the un- 
stratified rocks, constitute the great mass of the 
earth, and coupled with the fact, that they have 
been heated and in many instances fused, is a proof 
that the entire globe was primarily fused. 

As stated under proof first, the unstratified 
rocks in the mountain systems have been thrown 
from the interior of the earth, and were heated 
to an high state, and in some instances fused, by 
reason of the heat generated by the pressure of 
the matter of the earth's mass to a common center. 
If, however, we pass within the polar circles, be- 
yond the stratified rocks, we encounter only the 
unstratified, where they have lain undisturbed in 
a state of nature, during the procession of the 
ages, and here is where we should investigate go 
find the true history of these rocks. 

All the unstratified rocks found in the arctic 
circle, that have not been disturbed by volcanic 



Science of Cosmology. 31 

agencies, prove to be of aqueous formation, and 
there is no evidence of heat being connected with 
their origin; and hence we are forced to the. con- 
clusion, that the unstraiified rocks, are not ig- 
neous, and that those in the mountain systems 
appear so, only from the fact, that they have been 
heated by the volcanic agencies before their ejec- 
tion from the interior of the globe to the surface. 

Reverting again to the assumed fact, of 
scientists, that the primitive earth was fused, and 
possessed a temperature of more than 6,000 de- 
grees of heat, and its mass greatly expanded by 
reason of said heat and occupying more than twice 
the space that it would have occupied in a solid or 
congealed state, if we now trace the cooling pro- 
cess of the globe under natural law, through its 
various stages, to a complete solidification of its 
mass, we have in fact a strange and untenable 
phenomenon in nature. 

It will be observed, if the earth was primarily 
fused, and possessed the high temperature as- 
cribed to it, and occupied more than twice the 
space, that it would have occupied if reduced to a 
solid, and in this condition a crust was formed 
upon its surface by reason of the radiation of heat; 
and the globe at the same time was revolving 
upon its axis, and creating and preserving a cen- 
trifugality in the matter, that, would keep the 
fused mass of the earth, in constant contact with 
the crust of the earth, and as the fused matter 
congealed it w T ould add to the crust already 
formed, all subsequent formations being but a 
continuation of the first incrustations, and as the 
matter cooled it would shrink in form, and occupy 

13) 



32 A Revolution in the 

less space, and the vacuum created by reason of 
of the shrinkage, would form at the center of 
motion or the axis of revolution [see discussion 
under proof one] and when the whole earth be- 
came congealed, it would consist of a shell, from 
1,500 to 2,000 miles in thickness, with a great in- 
terior cavity, from 3,000 to 5,000 miles in diameter, 
extending through the earth from north to south; 
and the poles of the earth and the line of revolu- 
tion, constituting the central line or axis of this 
revolving cavity in the interior of the earth. This 
by the way is the Symmes theory of concentric 
spheres, as proclaimed and advocated by Americus 
Symmes, in the early seventies. 

The theory, however, did not originate with 
Americus, but with John C. Symmes, the father 
of Americus, and dates back to the period 1820. 

The Symmes theory of concentric spheres, 
was based upon the theory of the primitive fusion 
of the earth; and if proven correct, would sustain 
the theory of the primitive fusion of the earth, 
for it would have been the natural result to follow 
the cooling process of the earth, under the natural 
law as stated above. 

Mr. Symmes, cites many phenomena in the 
north polar regions, in support of his theory, 
which up to this time, have not been explained, 
on any other hypothesis. 

He shows that navigators are all agreed, that 
hibernating animals, go north to winter, and that 
drift has come from the far north, bearing woods, 
and flowers of rare beauty and fragrance, un- 
known to botanists. That in sailing north in high 
latitudes, the north star gradually rises to the 



Science of Cosmology. 33 

zenith, and then passes toward the stern of the 
ship; and that according to our idea of the position 
of the north star, the vessel would have to be in 
the region of the north pole of the earth, before 
the star would be directly over head and beyond 
the pole (depressed) before the north star would 
appear any considerable^ distance toward the 
stern of the ship; and yet, all this phenomena 
takes place before the vessel reaches 84 degrees 
of north latitude. That after about 82 degrees 
north, the water is in a state of agitation, that has 
alarmed navigators, and has caused some of them 
to turn back, as they feared the consequences of 
pressing forward; and it will be remembered, that 
in the Greely expedition in 1883, this same phe- 
nomena is referred to in its reports. 

In* that year, Lieutenant Lockwood and Ser- 
geant Brainard, penetrated the north to 83 degrees 
and 24 minutes, in longitude 44 degrees and 5 
minutes west, and planted the American flag, fur- 
ther to the north, than that of any other nation up 
to that time, and they also discovered and named 
Lockwood's island, and Cape Robert Lincoln, 
which was the furthest known land to the north 
and in attempting to return to their ships, 
the violent agitation of the water, and the ten- 
dency to carry them north into an open sea, came 
very near resulting in the loss of their lives. 

Navigators also speak of an open polar sea in 
the north, and the increase of insect and animal 
life, as they proceed northward, and say that 
warm winds laden with moisture, are coming from 
the north. 



34 A Revolution in the 

Captain Parry, in giving the incidents of his 
voyage to the north, says he measured the ice at 
82 degrees north, and found it to be 4 feet in 
thickness; at 82^ degrees he again measured the 
ice, and found it to be less than 3 feet, and at 82f 
degrees, there was no ice strong enough to bear 
the boats; and he was compelled to abandon the 
idea of reaching the pole, as there was no ice of 
sufficient strength on which they could place their 
boats that would enable them to outride the tem- 
pest in case of storm. Parry says that the winds 
from the north were not only warm, but brought 
swarms of flies and other insects, and the heat be- 
came so great, that the tar melted in the seams of 
his boats and caused them to leak. 

Tysson speaks of flocks of birds coming from 
the north, and that many of them were killed by 
the ship's crew and used as food. That in dress- 
ing them, a sort of wheat was discovered in their 
craws, the kernels being three times the size of 
the ordinary wheat kernel, and some of this was 
saved and planted in California, where it grew, 
but the season was not long enough for it to mature. 
Mr. Symmes calls our attention to these data, and 
then proceeds to explain them on his theory of 
concentric spheres. 

He claims the earth is hollow, and is inhab- 
itable inside as well as outside, and that in the in- 
terior, it receives its light and heat from the sun, 
the same as upon the surface. That the opening 
at the poles is about 1,500 miles across, and the 
interior is lighted as follows: The sun shines upon 
one half the earth at a time, and if the sun was 
stationed at the equator, its rays would fall within 



Science of Cosmology. 35 

the opening, at both the poles of the earth; that 
the sun's rays, in passing through the strata of 
the earth's atmosphere, of different densities, are 
refracted and bent in toward the poles, to the ex- 
tent of about 12 degrees; and that this light and 
heat received at this angle, is reflected from side 
to side of the earth, until the rays pass out at the 
opposite pole, from which they were received, 
giving rise to the Aurora Borealis in the north, 
and the Aurora Australis in the south. That the 
earth is inclined from a perpendicular, about 23i 
degrees; and as the sun proceeds from the equator 
to the north, its rays are gradually withdrawn 
from the south pole, and enter the opening at the 
north at a less angle and in greater volume, and 
are reflected at the angle received (the angle of 
incidence, always being equal to the angle of re- 
flection), which would increase the light and heat 
in the interior world and would make it a semi- 
tropical country. When the sun returns to the 
south and crosses the equator on its journey to 
Capricorn, its rays are gradually withdrawn from 
the opening at the north pole, and enters at a less 
angle and greater volume at the south polar open- 
ing, where the rays are reflected from side to side 
in the interior, until they emerge from the open- 
ing at the north pole, in the form of the Aurora 
Borealis, and this process of heating and lighting 
the interior world, is thus repeating from year to 
year, imparting life and vigor to the various forms 
of animal and plant growth of the interior of the 
planet, the same as upon the outside. 



36 



A Revolution in the 




Figure 1.— Illustrates the Symmes' idea of the interior world. 
The rays of tbe sun are received at the North polar opening and re- 
flected from side to side and pass out at the south. When the sun 
passes to the south of the equator, the process is reversed; but the 
Aurora Borealis and the Aurora Australis are not rays of sunlight, 
but flashes of electricity, thrown from the poles of the revolving 
magnet, earth, and hence controrert the Symmes theory of concen- 
tric spheres. 



Science of Cosmology. 37 

The explanation given by Mr. Symmes, of the 
phenomena at the north pole agrees in detail with 
his theory of concentric sphere. He .says, the 
warm winds that come from the north is from the 
interior world, and that the animals that go north 
to winter, pass into the interior of the planet and 
await the return of spring upon its surface; and 
that the drift wood and flowers referred to, were 
indigenous to the interior world, and were of a 
semi-tropical character. On this theory, he also 
explains the rising of the north star, and the 
agitation of the water surrounding the poles. 
The opening at the north pole as already stated, 
he asserts, is about 1,500 miles across, and the 
age of the earth that surrounds this opening, he 
calls the Verge, and says, there are seas, lakes 
and rivers inside, as well as outside the globe. 
That ocean currents, set in motion by the action 
of the earth are common to the countries outside 
and inside the planet, and that the gulf and other 
ocean streams plow through the seas to the Arctic 
ocean, and enter the interior world at the north 
polar opening, and that similar currents, set out 
from the interior world, to the surface of the 
globe; and that these currents meet near the 
verge of the earth, and that the commingling of 
these currents cause the agitation of the waters, 
described by navigators; and that a vessel passing 
over the verge, into the interior world, will ob- 
serve the north star to rise to the zenith, and 
then pass to the stern of the ship, and that if the 
voyage was continued, the vessel would emerge 
from the south pole; thus proving, that the earth 
can be sailed through, as well as around. 



38 A Revolution in the 

The Symmes theory, however, was never ac- 
cepted by scientists, even those that believed in 
the primitive fusion of the earth; and yet, if the 
Symmes idea of the configuration of the earth is 
true, it would establish the fact of the theory of 
the primitive fusion of the earth, as it is based on 
that idea; and the concentric sphere would follow, 
as a result of natural law, the cooling process of 
the world. 

No sane person will hold for a moment that 
the fused earth, when cooled down to a point, 
when it assumes the form of a solid, can occupy 
as a solid, all the space it appropriated as a liquid, 
while possessing a temperature of more than 6,000 
degrees of heat. Vacuums, would have to form 
some where, equal to the shrinkage in the matter, 
in being reduced from a liquid fire to a solid form; 
and these vacuums, by reason of the revolution 
of the globe upon its axis, would form at the 
center of motion, or, the axis of revolution, in 
accord with the law of centrifugality, and this 
would give rise to a hollow world, a concentric 
sphere, similar to the Symmes idea. 

Fortunately, however, navigators have now 
penetrated the far north to a depth that proves, 
beyond a doubt, that the Symmes hole does not 
exist; and with the abandonment of the Symmes 
theory of concentric spheres, must also come the 
abandonment of the theory of the primitive fusion 
of the earth, for one is dependent upon the other, 
and if one is error,' both are, for they must stand 
or fall together, under the operation of the same 
natural law, applying to heat and cold, in the 
fusion process of the globe. 



The True Theory of the Creation, as Evidenced by- 
Natural Law. 



We have now completed in a brief way, the 
examination of the proofs adduced by scientists, 
in support of the theory of the primitive fusion of 
the earth; and have shown that the facts of the 
creation, under natural law, are opposed to the 
theory and prove it untrue; and now we pass to 
the more serious question: What is the true 
theory of the creation, that is in all respects in 
accord with natural law, as an attribute of 
Deity? and in the presentation of this question, 
we shall draw our proofs from the facts in nature 
to sustain the Bible narration of the creation of 
the world as a scientific proposition. In the in- 
vestigation of natural science, as evidenced in the 
works of nature, the first fact that seems to im- 
press the mind is: "That every thing that comes 
into being proceeds from another already exist- 
ing;*' and this fact seems to have impressed the 
mind of the great Solomon, to an extent that 
caused him to declare, as attested by Scripture, 
that "there is no new thing under the sun." If 
Solomon was correct in his decision, and that 
everything which comes into being proceeds from 
another already existing, then we are forced to 
the conclusion, as a scientific proposition, that 
there must have been two co-existing principles in 
nature ante-dating all forms of creation. 

We notice in our own being, as well as all 
iorms of organized matter, the existence of these 



40 A Revolution in the 

two principles, material ("the body), immaterial 
or spiritual (the life); the union of these prin- 
ciples produces the being; a separation is followed 
by dissolution and death, and a reversion to pri- 
mary principles, and perhaps followed by a reor- 
ganization into other forms of existence; and the law 
seems universal in its application to all forms of the 
material creation. The observance of this law leads- 
us to the conclusion that life and matter \ in some 
form, always existed in nature; that they were 
not created and can not be destroyed, and that 
their existence ante-dates all creation and may be 
termed the positive and negative elements in the 
universe of matter. The positive element of the 
creation, the vitalizing principle in matter, is 
acknowledged in the existence of a God, a Su- 
preme Intelligence, conceded to be eternal in 
existence, and omnipresent in form, a Being that 
was not created, and cannot be destroyed, and 
that has existed, and shall exist, throughout all 
eternity as the God of nature. 

The positive element in creation being thus 
recognized, it only remains for us to prove the co- 
existence of matter, and we shall then have estab- 
lished the co-existence of the two principles in 
nature, life and matter, a positive and negative 
element in cosmos, that were not created and can 
never be destroyed, and are the sole promoters of 
all planetary growth and world development. 

In order that we may investigate, and estab- 
lish, if possible, the co-existence of matter, with 
the God of the universe, it will be necessary for 
us briefly to direct our attention to the realms of 
space, and ascertain, if we can, some thing, of its 



Science of Cosmology. 41 

extent, its properties and function in the evolu- 
tion of planetary bodies, the development of solar 
systems, and the universe of worlds in general. 
If we pass out into the darkness of a clear night, 
our attention is immediately arrested by the 
thousands of brilliant stars, apparently set as 
sparkling gems in the dark vaults of the skies, as 
objects for our admiration and study. "We select 
in our contemplation, those stars that cast a 
steady light, and we say they are planets, mem- 
bers of this solar system; that they have no light 
of their own, but like the earth and the moon, re- 
flect the light of the sun, which is the great cen- 
tral body; and that each in turn performs a cir- 
cuit around the sun, not only receiving its light, 
bat its solar heat from this great centre of force, 
energy and power. 

We then look beyond the planets, and see 
twinkling stars, and we say these are suns, like 
unto our sun: they are luminous bodies, each with 
a system of worlds revolving round it, and each 
world receiving light, heat arid electrical energy 
from its great central body, the sun of the sys- 
tems of worlds to which it belongs. We then 
wonder how far it is to the nearest one of these 
fixed stars, or suns, of which we can see about 
6,000 in number, with the unassisted eye. Accu- 
racy, in our conception, would require a measure- 
ment of the distances; but to compute the distance 
even to the nearest fixed star in miles, the number 
becomes unintellgible and confusing to the mind,, 
and we must of necessity adopt a new unit of 
measure, which is known as the light year. Light 
travels at the rate of about 186,000 miles in a 



42 A Revolution in the 

second of time, and would go nearly eight times 
around the earth while we count one: and we 
ascertain the distance that a ray of light will 
travel in one year, at this immense velocity, which 
is 5,866,896,000,000 miles, and we call this distance 
a light year, and adopt it as the unit of measure 
in all inter-stellar calculations, and applying this 
standard to the nearest fixed star, we find it to be 
about 3| light years distant from the earth. 

If we now apply this unit of measurement to 
the most remote fixed star, visible to the unas- 
sisted eye, we find the distance to be 125 light 
years; in other words it would take a ray of light, 
traveling at the inconceivable velocity above 
stated, 125 years, to span the gulf intervening 
between the earth and the furthest fixed star, 
visible to the naked eye, of a person of ordinary 
strong vision; and yet, we have no conception of 
the magnitude of space, and our minds become 
confused as we attempt to comprehend infinity, 
even in a minor way. In our confusion, we grasp 
the telescope, and through it explore the regions 
of space to greater depths; worlds, and systems 
of worlds, multiply on our vision, without num- 
ber, until they are as the sands of the sea. 

Let us now attempt to measure the distance 
to the far off sentinel in space, just visible in the 
field of the telescope; but in this, the parallax dis- 
appear, the lines intersect, and the distance can- 
not be measured, with any degree of accuracy; 
yet, w r e know the distance, cannot be less, than a 
half million light years. 

If this remote star, should at the present 
moment, be stricken from the great systems of 



Science of Cosmology. 43 

worlds that surround us in space, generations 
would come and go upon the earth, years would 
form into centuries, centuries into thousands, and 
thousands into hundreds of thousands; and in the 
grand procession of ages, more than than 500,000 
years would elapse, before the inhabitants of the 
earth would know that a sun, with its great sys- 
tem of worlds, had been blotted out of existence, 
and was no longer a part of the universe of crea- 
tion. 

As we increase the power of the telescope, 
worlds multiply on our view; and gradually the 
fact is forced upon the mind, that space is an un- 
limited body, and that suns and systems of worlds 
in all stages of development, and in all stages of 
decay, and without limit, must pervade this un- 
limited body space. 

Scientists concede, space to be unlimited; and 
the axiom follows, if space has no limits, it can 
have no beginning, for if it had a beginning, there 
would have been a starting point, from which the 
extension was made; and in that event, it would 
always be limited, w T hich prove not the case; hence 
space never had a beginning; and a thing having 
no beginning, can have no ending. Space is, 
therefore, a body without beginning, and without 
end; a body eternal in existence, and unlimited 
in extent; a body, that was not created, and cannot 
be destroyed, and co-existing throughout all eter- 
nity, with the God of the universe of matter. If 
we shall now prove, that the atoms of space, 
was the originary matter from which all worlds 
were created, we shall have established the fact 
of the co-existence of life and matter, in nature, a 



44 A Revolution in the 

positive and negative element in cosmos, that were 
not created, and cannot be destroyed; and ante- 
date all forms of creation; and from which have 
proceeded, the material universe of organized 
matter. 

The ancients were divided in their opinion, as 
to what constituted space. Some said it was a 
void, without material substance; in fact, a great 
nothing; others said there were no voids in na- 
ture; that a void would be a waste of force, and 
energy, and not characteristic of the sublime in- 
telligence everywhere manifest in nature; and 
that if space \^as really nothing, then it could not 
exist; and the fact that space did exist and that its 
atoms, occupied place, proved that space, was not 
only an existing thing, but was matter, as science 
had long since demonstrated, that any thing capa- 
ble of occupying space, or is palpable to our 
organs of sense, either naturally, or with the aid 
of instruments, is matter; and as the atoms of 
space occupy place, and are palpable, in many 
ways to our organ of sense, it follows, that space 
is not only an existing thing but is matter, and 
the negative element in the creation of the 
worlds. 

If space then, is the originary matter, of the 
material creation, and is eternal in existence, and 
unlimited in extent, is not this, the same body 
referred to by Moses when he says : " In the 
beginning God created the heavens and the earth, 
and the earth ivas, without form and void." If 
the earth was, that is if the elements of matter of 
the earth existed before the creation of the world, 
they would have been a part and parcel of space, 



Science of Cosmology. 45 

and as space is without form, which is the case, 
from the fact that it is unlimited, the matter of 
the earth, would also have been without form,; and 
as the vitalizing power of Deity, had not as yet, 
moved upon the matter of the earth, it was void of 
life; hence the matter of the earth, before the 
creation of the world, was just such a body, as 
represented by the Scriptures, "a body without 
form and void. " 

The Bible does not warrant us in the belief 
that the earth was formed out of nothing, or, that 
God created the matter of which the earth was 
made; but, on the contrary, it tells us, the earth 
was formed out of chaos, which means matter in 
confusion; just what we find space to have been, 
in its primary state; as the originary matter of a 
developing universe of created things. 

The effect of the action of Deity, upon the 
atoms of space, seem to have been to arouse in 
the atom, a sort of life, the chemical life of matter; 
which was manifest in the creation of an affinity 
between the atoms of space, which caused them to 
unite, and form combination of atoms, and eventu- 
ally small globes; and the union of these small 
globes, formed the unstratified rocks of all planets. 
When viewed through the telescope, the vast ag- 
gregation of matter, which later condenses, and 
forms a sun, with its systems of worlds, appears 
not unlike a huge cloud of vapor floating in space, 
and by the agitation of the matter, the tempera- 
ture is lowered the same as is the case with the 
rain cloud, and small globes of matter form from 
the planetary vapor, the same as drops of water 
( globes ) form in the rain cloud, and is due to the 



46 A Revolution in the 

same cause, electricity and the agitation of the 
mass; which always lowers the temperature, and, 
forces condensation, and combinations of matter 
When we turn the telescope upon solar vapor, or 
nebula, and watch the developing solar system, we 
are impressed, and awe-inspired by the manifesta- 
tion of power, which is sufficient to move every 
part of the great mass of solar nebula, with in- 
comprehensible rapidity, and in consequence of 
this motion, these clouds of matter, have received 
the name of ' - Whirl Pool Nebula, ' ' and the violent 
agitation of the mass, must result, in a very low 
temperature; the same as a like effect, follows a 
like cause, in the rain cloud. 

As the temperature of the mass lowers, the 
condensation proceeds in like ratio, under the 
law, that cold contracts — cold being the great con- 
densor of all vapors planetary and otherwise 
known to nature, in all their various forms and 
conditions. 

The primary cause of motion in matter, seems 
to be electricity; and every particle of matter in 
nature, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, possesses 
electricity in the positive and negative forms. If 
the two forms are equal, the electricity is not 
manifest, and is said to be in equilibrium or at 
rest; but any change in matter however slight, 
excites electricity, and causes it to manifest itself 
in one or more of its various forms, and it thus be- 
comes one of the main factors, in world develop- 
ment; and planetary growth in matter. 



Discussion of the Comet or, Solar Vapor and the Evolu- 
tion of Solar Systems from Planetary Nebula. 



Comets may be divided into two general 
classes, Solar and Planetary. A Solar comet is an 
aggregation of matter, so massive in form, that its 
condensation gives rise to a solar system; while a 
Planetary comet, consists in the main of detached 
matter from the Solar comet, and its condensation 
gives rise to a planet, like the earth, and other 
globes of the system. 

All comets, however, do not form solar sys- 
tems, or planets; for if the mass is not sufficiently 
dense to develop a center, (nucleus) it will 
gradually waste away, and be absorbed by other 
comets, solar system and planets. 

Comets early attracted the attention of the 
people, as the ancients regarded them, as fore- 
runners of evil; and they were therefore made a 
special study, by the devotees of Science; and it 
was soon learned, that comets were the early 
stages, of Solar and Planetary growth. Encke's 
comet was followed in space by scientists, with 
much interest; and when first discover ed t it devel- 
oped a tail at perihelion, more than thirty degrees 
in length; but at each return, it was found, that 
the tail had diminished, and the comet was solidify- 
ing; and now it appears at perihelion, as a hazy- 
globe; and in the course of the centuries, it will 
become a solid body, consisting of one or more 
globes of a system of worlds. Halley's comet, has 

L4] 



48 A Revolution in the 

also undergone great changes, since first discover- 
ed; and its orbit is becoming better defined, and 
shortened; as the mass of the comet, becomes 
more dense, and solidifies in its nearer approach to 
planetary life; and what is true of these primary 
worlds, is true of all primary worlds; they are all 
formed of the same material, the atoms of space, and . 
are governed in their inception, development and 
decay by the same natural law; hence the history 
of the development of one solar system, is in the 
main, the history of the development of all solar 
systems; and the history of the developments of 
one planet, the history of the development of all 
planets dispersed throughout an infinitude of 
space, and extending down through the ages of 
an eternity of time; they are all formed from the 
same material and governed throughout their 
various stages of development by the operation of 
the same natural law that applies to all matter, 
regardless of form. Cold as we have already 
stated, is the great condenser of vapors; and by a 
wise provision of nature, the temperature of inter- 
stellar space is minus more than 460 degree, which 
is a condition, highly favorable to planetary 
growth. There are many proofs, that attest the 
low temperature of space, but the one most relied 
upon, is the atmospheric test. As we ascend 
from the surface of the earth, the atmosphere be- 
comes cooler; and the average fall in temperature, 
is about one degree to every five hundred feet. If 
the atmosphere extended to an average height of 
forty-five miles, above the surface of the earth; 
the temperature at that height, computed upon 
this basis, would be minus 472| degrees, so it 



Science of Cosmology. 49 

would seem, that the point 460 degrees would be 
under, rather than over the actual figures; as 
there is evidence to the effect, that the atmosphere 
extends above this limit, but if it does, it is per- 
haps very rare, and the temperature, about the 
same, as that of the surrounding space. It has 
been stated in this connection, that meteoric bodies, 
have been seen to melt, more than one thousand 
miles above the surface of the earth; and this fact, 
has been cited to show, that the atmosphere ex- 
tends to that height, but this is not a proof, from 
the fact, that space is not a void, and friction is 
encountered in passing through it, as is evidenced, 
by the comet, and it is also observed, that different 
sections of space, differ in density, as is manifest 
by the path of the comet, for in passing through 
that part of space where the atoms have not been 
aggregated into globes, the friction, on the mass 
of the comet, is greater, and it has in conse- 
quence an increase in tail and leaves a trail in its 
path, caused by the sloughing off, of its mass 
by reason of fraction encountered; and taking into 
account the velocities with which meteoric bodies 
fall to the earth; they might easily be fused above 
the earth's atmosphere by the friction encountered 
by reason of the atoms of space, in case they 
should come in contact with a dense mass of atoms; 
and there is proof that such masses do surround 
the earth's atmosphere, and meteors result from this 
cause. In view of these data, it is safe to assume 
that the temperature of interstellar space is as 
low as minus 460 degrees, and that the mass of 
the comet or primary world, is at least as low as 
the matter from which it was formed; and that 



50 A Revolution in the 

this mass, is further lowered by reason of the 
aggitation, and motion therein; and condensation 
of the mass follows, the lowering of the tempera- 
ture, the same as we observe, in the rain cloud, 
and all other vapors. 

The spectroscope shows, that the mass of the 
comet is not fused, but is cold and frigid; and the 
comet does not becomefused in its approach to the 
sun, for the density of the comet at this stage of 
its existence, is not sufficient, to receive and re- 
tain heat from the sun's body, to a degree neces- 
sary to fuse; although in some instances it has 
been observed, that the temperature of the mass is 
perceptibly raised by its near approach to the sun. 
The mass of the comet, during its period of 
oscellation, or, pilgrimage, through space, is much 
less in density, then ordinary air, in fact exclusive 
of its center or head, it is about the same in 
density as the atmosphere of the earth ten miles 
above the surface, which renders it impossible of 
receiving and retaining the sun's heat, in sufficient 
quantity to fuse the mass, or even heat it to any 
great extent. We can form some idea, of the 
capacity, of the comet to retain heat, by experi- 
ments with the earth's atmosphere. If we go to 
the torrid zone, we find at the base of the moun- 
tains, a dense atmosphere; that retains heat to a 
degree, that renders the temperature almost un- 
bearable; but as we ascend the mountain side, the 
air becomes lighter and as a consequence cooler; 
and at the top of the mountain, although nearer 
the sun by several miles then at the base; the 
atmosphere is so rare it cannot retain the sun's 
rays, in sufficient amount, to melt the snow; and 



Science of Cosmology. 51 

the mountain is " snow caped, " and yet, we have 
only proceeded a part of the ten miles, necessary to 
travel, in order to reach an atmosphere as rare as 
the mass of the comet. For this reason the sun's 
rays, pass through the mass of the comet, the 
same as they pass through the earth's atmosphere, 
ten miles above its surface, without diffusing any 
great degree of heat. 

The force, causing the oscellation of the 
comet, or its pilgrimage in space, was for many 
centuries a mystery, but, this force is now proven 
to be electricity, and the same power, holds in posi- 
tion, all celestial bodies, and governs their move- 
ments in space, under the law, that s ' Like repels 
like and attract the opposite. " 

As already stated, we cannot conceive of an 
atom of matter, so minute, that it is not charged 
with electricity, positive and negative in equal 
quantities, and in this condition is said to be 
statical, or, in equilibrium, signifying at rest; and 
is in no way manifest; but any force, however 
slight, exerted upon matter, disturbs the equili- 
brium, and causes electricity to manifest its power 
in one or more of its various forms. 

Science proves that the mass of the comet 
when first formed, consists of an innumerable 
host, of small globes; gaseous in form, and vary- 
ing in size, from a few inches in diameter to several 
feet; and in all respects similiar but not so far ad- 
vanced, as the small globes, that constitute the 
rings of Saturn, and each of these globes, is a 
magnet, containing electrical energy. 

In the mass of the comet, the electricity, 
common to the atoms of space predominate; and 



52 A Revolution in the 

we shall call this force, atomic electricity; and it is 
the opposite in form, to the electricity, contained 
in sun bodies; which results, from the fusion of 
the sun mass, and may be called, Solar electricity. 





CUT 2 CUT 3 

Represents a comet without a Represents a comet that has pro- 
nucleus or center ; it has no gressed sufficiently to develope 
orbit, but drifts in space. a center, and has in consequence 

an orbit. 



The comet, or cloud, of world matter, being" 
acted upon by the more powerful currents of the 
sun's electricities, set off in the direction of the 
sun body, under the law stated: " Like rvpels like 
and attracts the opposite" and on nearing the sun 
body, its electricities are changed from the atomic, 
to the Solar form, by reason of induction, from the 
sun body; and as both bodies now possess the 
same electricity, the comet is expelled from the 
sun, far out into space; where it gradually parts 
with its acquired form of electricity, and assumes 
the atomic, or natural form, and is again attracted 
to a sun body, and surcharged and expelled as 
before; and it will thus continue its era tic wonder- 
ings in space; but each time, that it approaches a 
sun body, the mass is perceptibly condensed by 



Science of Cosmology. 53 

reason of the powerful currents of the sun's 
electricities passing through its mass, and the 
rapid raising and lowering of temperature, by rea- 
son of the sun's rays at different angles and distanc- 
es. Every motion of the comet in space shows that 
it is governed by the law as set forth herein. In 
its journey toward the sun, its speed increases 
until it gets within the proper limits, then it slows 
down; by reason of the change that is taking 
place in its electricities but the momentum of the 
mass carries it around the sun body, and on mak- 
ing the semi-circle of the sun, the comet's atomic 
electricities are over come, and its mass highly 
charged by induction with the sun's electricities, 
and it is expelled at great velocity far out into 
space; and as we watch it recede from the sun, its 
speed lessons, as it gradually parts with its acquir- 
ed (sun's) electricities; and finally it loses the solar 
electricities, as is manifest by its nearly coming to 
a rest, in space; which results, from its gradually 
assuming its natural or atomic form of electricity; 
but as soon as this is fully accomplished, it is again 
attracted to a sun body and expelled as before. 
These powerful currents of the sun's electricities 
passing through, and over coming the atomic 
electricites of the comet mass, and changing its 
form to the solar; and the further fact, that in 
nearing the sun, the mass of the comet is suddenly 
expanded by reason of heat, and then in receding 
from the sun it rapidly contracts in form, by en- 
countering the very low temperature common to 
space; and this fact coupled with the still further 
reduction of temperature incident to the motion, 
within the body of the comet, causes a further con- 



54 A Revolution in the 

traction in the matter, and a rapid condensation of 
the mass; the smaller globes of matter uniting and 
forming large ones, and finally the tendency to a 
common center, will develop a nucleus, or, a 
union of the small globes at the center of the 
comet, and scientifically speaking we say the 
comet has developed a head, but more properly 
speaking it is a center, and as this head (center) 
increases in size, and density; the orbit of the 
comet becomes more regular, and we are better 
enabled to trace its pilgrimage through space: and 
eventually, when the matter of this head becomes 
sufficiently dense to develop heat at its center; it 
is then approaching the condition of a sun body, 
and gradually assumes a fixed position with re- 
spect to other sun bodies and settles down to a 
period of planetary gestation; or the formation of 
worlds from the surrounding mass of the comet; 
that encircles the nucleus; or center; and takes 
upon itself an orbit, common to all solar bodies, 
a motion in space as manifest in this solar system, 
that is carrying our sun, with its system of worlds 
forward in its orbit 410,000 miles a day, or, 150,- 
000,000 miles per annum. 



The Development of the Earth, and the Solar System, 
From the Originary Matter. 



We will now trace the development of this 
solar system, from the originary matter of space; 
and the developement of the planet earth, from 
the ring matter of the sun, and by so doing, obtain 
a general knowledge of the natural law, that 
operated in the developing universe of organized 
matter; as evidenced by solar systems and plane- 
tary growth; for as has been observed, they all 
have a common origin, being formed from the 
atom of space, under the same natural law, and the 
history of our solar system, is therefore the history 
of all solar system, and the history of the develope- 
ment of the planet earth, will be the history of 
the developements of all planetary bodies existing 
throughout the reaJms of space. Let us now 
conceive in the mind what appears to be a huge 
mist, gathering in space, and formed of its atoms, 
not unlike in appearance the rain cloud, that forms 
in the atmosphere, by condensing and gathering 
together the atoms of moisture in the air; only it 
is on a grander scale, as it contains the matter of 
this solar system. In the economy of nature, 
matter when free to act, assumes the smallest pos- 
sible form, and this characteristic, forces it into 
the form, of a sphere, and this force is known as 
the law of gravitation, which is the tendency to a 
common center of all world matter. 

The same law, is manifest in the clouds of 



56 A Revolution in the 

moisture, as operate in world matter, and hence 
we observe that the moisture in the clouds is 
aggregated into globes of water, rain drops; and 
if the temperature of the rain cloud descends below 
the freezing point, then we have globes of ice, 
hail. If however, these globes of ice, in their 
descend to the earth, pass through clouds of a 
higher temperature the moisture from the warmer 
clouds adhere to the globes of ice, and in such case 
the hail is not spherical when they reach the earth, 
but as originally formed, they were globes of ice 
or spheres. 

In the great solar cloud however, we may 
conceive its entire mass, to consist of small 
globes, varying in size from a few inches to 
several feet in diameter, and each a magnet with 
electrical energy. 

As we view through the telescope, this gather- 
ing mass of matter, in the solar cloud, that 
eventually is to form this solar system, we observe 
motion there similar to that in the rain cloud, and 
conclude that the effects of this aggitation, must 
be the same in the mass of the gathering comet as 
that of the cloud of moisture; and must result in 
the lowering of the temperature of the mass, much 
below that of the surrounding space. 

In the mass, of this solar cloud of matter, the 
atomic electricity dominates, and as has been 
observed in a former chapter, the character of 
electrical energy, of the planetary cloud is the 
opposite to solar electricity, which latter form is 
generated by the fusion of the sun mass. The 
solar cloud, when it reaches the proper degree of 
development, becomes surcharged by atomic 



Science of Cosmology. 57 

electricity, and is attracted to a sun body under 
the law: "Like repels like, and attracts the opposite;" 
and in this capacity, which may be termed its 
period of oscellation or pilgrimage in space; it is 
known as a solar comet and as such we will now 
consider it. 

Perhaps it is well to remark here, that the 
pilgrimage of a comet, is not begun, until its mass 
has sufficiently progressed to form a center, and 
until such period arrives, it simply drifts in space, 
without an orbit. In the mass, however, of the 
comet cloud, there is a tendency to a common cen- 
ter, and while the cloud of matter drifts in space; 
the pressure at the center gradually unites the 
small globes of matter, into a large central globe; 
and we say the comet has developed a head; but 
properly speaking, it has developed a center. 

The atomic electricity in a somewhat different 
form, is now generated by this central globe, in 
great quantities; and it becomes a powerful mag- 
net, throwing out its volume of atomic electricities 
in the surrounding mass of the comet, in the form 
of concentric electrical spheres. It has been proven 
by experiments in electro spience, that a magnetic 
globe at rest, throws out its currents equally in all 
directions, in the form of electrical spheres; each 
sphere varying, and lessening in magnetic power; 
as they proceed outward from the central globe 
magnet; and these concentric electrical spheres* 
may be illustrated by enclosing the globe magnet, 
with a shell, that conforms in figure to the globe 
magnet, and then enclose these with another 
shell, still larger etc. and the shells thus enclosing 
the central magnet, will give an idea of what we 



58 A Revolution in the 

mean by the term, "Concentric electrical spheres. " 
The mass in the comet, conforms to these electrical 
spheres, and were it possible to divide the mass of 
the comet, by a plane, extending through its cen- 
ter; we would doubtless find that the matter on 
either side of this plane, arranged according to 
these 4 ' concentric electrical spheres ' ' and would 
represent concentric circles, similiar to the 
growths that we observe in vegetables, which is 
due largely to the same law. 

The center, that is now developed in the 
comet mass; by reason of its atomic electricities; 
causes it to attract a sun body, which contains the 
opposite electricities; and the sun body in turn at- 
tracts the comet, and the comet being free to roam 
and not as yet confined to an orbit, it sets off to- 
ward the sun body; and as the attraction of the 
sun is directly upon the globe formed at the center 
of the comet, (the head) this central globe is drawn 
from the center of the comet mass to one side, in 
the direction of the sun; as it set off on its pilgrim- 
age through space, and the mass of the comet, 
follows this center, by reason of attraction; and in 
as much as this center, in the pilgrimage of the 
comet, precedes the mass of the body it is impro- 
perly called the head of the comet; instead of the 
center. 



Science of Cosmology. 



59 




CUT 4. COGGIA'S COMET. 



Showing the center drawn to one side; 
concentric spheres, which result from 
spheres. 



and exposing the matter as 
the electrical concentric 



60 A Revolution in the 

In Coggia's comet, a picture of which appears 
in this volume is shown how the center is 
drawn to the surface of the comet; and around this 
center may be seen the concentric circles of matter 
as they have conformed to the concentric electrical 
spheres, thrown from the central magnetic body. 
As the solar comet, approaches the sun; its 
electricities are gradually changed, by induction 
into the more powerful form of the sun's electrici- 
ties; and as " like repels like" instead of the great 
solar comet uniting with the sun; to which it was 
so rapidly approaching, as soon as it gets fully under 
the influence of the sun body, its electricities are 
changed .from the atomic to the solar form, and it 
is expelled from the sun body, to a distant region 
of space; where it gradually loses the solar electri- 
cities with which it was charged; as is evidenced 
by the gradual slowing down in its rate of speed, 
until it nearly stops, and drifts in space by reason 
of the momentum of its mass; when suddenly it 
assumes its natural or atomic form of electricities; 
and again sets off, at great speed, towards a sun 
body perhaps not the one visited before, and is re- 
ceived and expelled as in the first instance; and so 
it continues its eratic wonderings in space; but 
each time, it approaches a sun body, its mass is 
effected by the powerful currents of the sun's 
electricities passing through it, and by the heat of 
the sun which greatly expands the mass of the 
comet, and then the recession of the comet to 
distant parts of space, where it encounters intense 
cold, incident to inter- stellar regions, greatly con- 
tract the matter of the comet; and causes the small 
globes of matter to unite, and form larger ones; 



Science of Cosmology. 61 

and also gradually increases the size of the center, 
or head of the comet; by adding thereto from the 
surrounding mass; which results from the gravita- 
tion of the mass of the comet to this common cen- 
ter; and by this wise provision of nature, changing 
the mass of the comet in rapid succession, from 
excessive heat to intense cold, results in the rapid 
condensation of the mass of the comet; and as the 
condensation proceeds, it gradually assumes an 
orbit, and takes upon itself a fixed position, with 
reference to all other solar systems; and a circuit, 
in common with other like systems, and our sun, 
and its surrounding matter thereby becomes a part 
of the great organized universe of creation. 

We now behold our solar comet, as it enters 
upon its period of gestation, or the throwing off of 
worlds, or planets from the central body: and as has 
been observed; a magnetic globe at rest, throws off 
concentric spheres of electricity, and the matter 
surrounding the globe, arranges itself according 
to ^hese electrical spheres, which presevers, the 
spherical form of the magnetic globe, throughout 
its growth. We will now proceed further, and 
state another law; "That a magnetic globe, when 
caused to revolve; will throw off its currents of 
electricities in waives parallel to its equator, and 
the surrounding matter, of the comet will then ar- 
range itself according to these electrical circles, 
or waives; as is evidenced in the rings of saturn, 
which is in fact a developing solar system in mini- 
ture, but illustrates, the great law of a developing 
universe of solar systems, and planetary growth 
in matter. 



62 



A Revolution in the 



■-.■■■■ 







CUT 5. WHIRLPOOL NEBULA. 

Known as Cane's Venatice, which is a solar comet in gestation. 
The matter of the original comet is arranging itself in circles as the 
sun glebe at the center, begins to revolve and throw off its electricity 
in circles. The second stage of this planetary nebula is represented 
in cut6; and the third stage, as a fully developed solar system, in cut 7 



The Developement of the Earth and the Solar System 
from the Originary Matter Continued. 



The great solar comet, the condensation of 
which gave rise to our sun, and its system of 
worlds, we left, as it entered upon is period of 
gestation, and it consisted of its nucleus, or center; 
with its surrounding matter, in the form of con- 
centric globes; which conformed to the original 
concentric electrical spheres. 

The central globe, in the mass of the comet, 
has now acquired a density that causes it to gene- 
rate a large amount of heat at its center. To 
illustrate, we will suppose that this central body at 
that time, which is now the sun of this solar sys- 
tem, was 500,000 miles in diameter, and that in 
every particle of matter composing this great body 
there was a tendency to approach the center, the 
result of gravitation; and this being true, it will be 
observed that the matter at the center of this sun 
globe, will sustain, the combined weight of all the 
sun matter, from the center to the surface; which 
would equal a column of matter, taken from the 
average density of this central body, 250,000 miles 
in height. If the matter of the central body, pos- 
sessed a density at that time even somewhat less 
then cork, it will be observed, that the pressure at 
the base of such a column is enormous, and would 
be sufficient to generate a heat, that would soon 
fuse the center of the sun globe. 

As soon, as this central globe becomes fused, 
at its center; it becomes a generator of solar 



64 A Revolution in the 

electricity, and begins to revolve upon a central 
axis; throwing off its currents of electricities in 
circles or waives, parallel to its equator; and the 
matter surrounding this central body, which has 
now become planets of the solar system; gradually 
arranged itself, according to these electrical 
waives; and hence the planets, that were formed 
from these rings of matter, occupy a plane parallel 
to the sun's equator. 

If we throw a stone into a pond, we will ob- 
serve circular waives, to rise from this disturbed 
center, and extend outward over the surface of the 
pond, and increasing in diameter, in a regular 
ratio, as they extend outward from the center of 
disturbance; and this may be used to illustrate the 
action of the sun, in forming the electrical circles. 
The sun body is the disturbing center, and by its 
revolution, is throwing off its rings, or circles of 
electricities, parallel to its equator; and the sur- 
rounding matter, encircleing the sun body, which 
had formed in concentric spheres is now dissolved 
and arranges itself in zones, that conform to these 
electrical circles, or waives, the same as we ob- 
serve upon the surface of the pond, and exampli- 
fied in the rings of saturn. If we now set out from 
the sun's equator, to travel outward, over the 
plane of zona matter; we will find the circles, or, 
rings of matter well defined, and the divisions 
plainly marked as much so, perhaps, as in the 
rings of saturn. 

The outer limit of the first zone, or ring, of 
matter, will perhaps, be not far distant from what 
is now the orbit of Murcury; and the outer limit of 
the second zone, will conform closely to the orbit 



Science of Cosmology. 



65 




Out 6 represents the sun and planetary ring matter. The mass has 
advanced a step further than whirlpool nebula and has arranged 
itself in zones corresponding to the electrical waves. 



66 A Revolution in the 

of Venus; and the third zone, to the orbit of the 
Earth; and the fourth zone, to the orbit of Mars; and 
the fifth zone, to the Astoroid; and the sixth zone, 
to the orbit of Jupiter; and the seventh zone, to 
the orbit Saturn; and the eighth zone, to the orbit of 
Uranus; and the outer limit of the ninth zone, con- 
forms closely to the orbit of Neptune; each of these 
planets, from the operation of a natural law, that 
will be considered under another head; occupy as 
an orbit, the outer limit of the zone matter, from 
which it was formed. If we now take, the orbit 
of the planet Murcury, as the outer limit of the 
first zone of planetary matter; and make this our 
starting point which we will represent by the 
character "0" then the numeral 3 would represent 
the outer limit of the next zone of matter and 6 the 
outer limit of the next zone, and double this sum 
for the outer limit of the next zone, and so con- 
tinue, until the outer limit of the zone matter is 
reached; as at present defined by the orbit of 
Neptune. 

If we then, desire the location or relative dis- 
tance of the outer rings, or zones of matter, from 
the sun body, as defined by the orbits of the 
planets, we will measure the distance from 
Murcury to the sun, which we find to be four 
units, or arcs of the sun body; and adding this 
number ( 4 ) to each of the numbers as represented 
above viz: 4, 7, 10, 16, (28), 52, 100, 196, 388 and 
we have the Bode's laws, which determines approxi- 
mately, the location of all the planets, except at 
28, which represents the astoroids, but should 
have represented the orbit of a planet, but instead 
it represents a great number of minuature worlds, 



Science of Cosmology. 



67 




Cut 7, represents the present solar system. The planets number 
from the sun outward; Murcury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Asteroid, 
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. In Asteroid the union of the 
small globes uecessary to form the unstratified rocks of a planet, 
has not taken place. 



68 A Revolution in the 

nearly all of which are invisible to the unassisted 
eye. 

The effect, of the revolution of the sun globe 
upon its axis, is two fold: 

First: The sun body, becomes completely 
separated, from the balance of the comet, and the 
detached mass, began to arrange itself in rings, or 
zones of planetary matter, parallel to the sun's 
equator; and conforming to the divisions, marked 
by the electrical waives, or, rings, thrown from 
the sun body. [See Cut 6.] 

Second: The sun body, on being detached 
from the surrounding mass of the comet, is free to 
a great extent, from the attractive force exerted 
by the outside matter; and the attraction of gravita- 
tion in the matter of the globe is augmented in 
like ratio, and the mass of the sun body, is rapidly 
condensed, and solidified in consequence; and in 
proportion, as the density of the sun body in- 
creases, the heat at the center intensifies; and the 
fusion of the interior, follows as a result. 

The interior of the sun body, being thus re- 
duced from a solid to a liquid form, by means of 
intense heat; the fused matter is greatly expanded 
as compared with its former condition, and must 
have more room, and as a result bursts forth from 
the solid shell of the sun body, ejecting great 
quantities of unstratified rocks and fused matter, 
from the interior, to the surface; and erecting 
great mountain systems thereon, and creating 
numerous volcanoes, to serve as vents for the 
interior fires of the sun body. 

When we take into consideration, the vast 
size of the sun body; and the enormous pressure, 



Science of Cosmology. 69 

that must have been exerted by the matter, at the 
center of the sun globe, we are forced to the con- 
clusion, that the fusion of the interior, must have 
progressed with great rapidity; and as the sun 
body increased in density, the fusion of the interior 
extended outward; and finally the mass of the sun 
body, become fused to that extent, that the shell 
of the sun body, was not strong enough to retain 
its form, and collapsed, fell to pieces and sank 
beneath the surface of the burning body; and the 
sun globe, then became a sun in fact, a luminous 
body; dispensing its light, heat and electricities, on 
the surrounding zones of matter; and eventually up- 
on the worlds, formed therefrom. That the sun is 
a burning world, is now conceded by scientists; for 
the spectro-scope proves, from the analysis of the 
sun's light, that the sun's mass is fused; and con- 
tains all the minerals, common to the earth; and 
that they are heated to a temperature approximat- 
ing, plus 10,000 degrees. 

That the sun matter, is also being consumed, 
is evidenced by its spots; but the process is so slow, 
it will be imperceptible in a million years. These 
spots are dross from burnt out sun matter, which 
being lighter, rises to the surface; the same as the 
dross, or scum rises to the surface of a highly 
heated metal; and results from the same cause. 

These sun spots, are often millions of square 
miles in extent; and form upon portions of the 
sun's surface, comparatively at rest; and occasional- 
ly, when these spots are under the eyes of the 
observer, through the telescope; the fused matter, 
comes from the interior of the sun, underneath the 
spot; which spot is carried forward by the force of 



70 



A Revolution in the 




Cut 8, Section of the Sun; showing spots. The burning gases on 
the Sun's surface give the spots the appearance of being depressed- 
See cut one, for location of spots. 



the sun's currents of fused matter, thousands of 
miles above the surface; and is broken to pieces 
and scattered, and falls back, and sinks, below the 
sun's surface. Again, we notice the currents of 
fused sun matter, come with less momentum to the 
surface, beneath the sun spot, and the scum or 
spot breaks to pieces; and the surface being 
elevated, in the vicinity of the spot, by reason of 
the out flow of the sun current; the fragments of 
the spot, sets off from the higher to the lower 
surface, at great speed; and is due to the same 
natural law, (graviety) that enables the boy, to 
coast down the hill on his sleigh; it is simply 
moving from a higher to a lower surface, in obedi- 
ence to gravity. Sun spots, do not form as a rule, 



Science of Cosmology. 71 

within ten degrees on either side of the sun's 
equator, nor outsize of 35 degrees; and may be 
considered, as being confined to two zones, each 25 
degrees in width, and parallel with the sun's 
equator; and ]ying between 10 and 35 degree north 
and south of the sun's equator. It is noticed al- 
so, that spots formed within 22i degree north or 
south of the sun's equator; will drift towards the 
sun's equator; while those that are formed outside 
this limit, drift towards the sun's poles; this fact 
is due to a well known law of liquids, which we 
will now briefly consider. 

It has been proven, that the sun is a fused 
globe, possessing the same material as that which 
constitutes the earth, and all other planets of the 
system; but is intensely heated as previously 
stated and possesses a temperature plus more then" 
10,000 degrees of heat; and is therefore a liquid, 
and must conform to the law that governs liquids, 
of like character. The sun being a liquid globe, 
and revolving upon its axis, creates in the matter 
a contrifugality; and inconsequence of this force; 
great currents of sun matter highly heated, sets 
out from the center of the sun, to the surface; and 
the greater part of these currents come to the 
surface in the region of the equator, and similar 
currents exist, in each of the sun's hemisphere, 
and the surface of the sun, at the equator, and for 
about ten degrees on either side is agitated; and no 
spots form; and those outside of this limit, often 
drift within; and by the agitation of the sun's sur- 
face, dissolve, are broken to pieces and sink below 
the surface, and disappear from view. When these 
sun currents set out from the center to the surface; 



72 A Revolution in the 

jsl suction is created; that draws the matter from 
the poles of the sun, into the interior; to supply, 
the place of the matter, that set out from the cen- 
ter to the surface; and thus by a wise provision of 
nature, the equilibrium of the sun body is pre- 
served, and the drawing in of the matter at the 
poles, effects the surface of the sun, from the 
poles, back to within about 22| degrees from the 
equator; and this is the reason, why the sun spots, 
that form outside of the 22-J- degrees, north or 
south of the equator; drift toward the poles; and 
the further they are out; the more rapid they drift, 
and when they reach the point, about 35 degrees 
north or south of the sun's equator; the agitation 
of the surface is such; that the spots are rapidly 
dissolved, and disappear from view. 

It was early noticed, that sun spots near the 
equator, were carried forward by the sun's revolu- 
tion and made a complete circuit in the uniform 
period of 25 days; while those that drift towards 
the poles, varied in their period of revolution; 
often requiring 28 days to complete the circuit; 
which fact, is du& to the lateral tension that draws 
them toward the poles, and retard their forward 
movement, acquired by the sun's revolution. An- 
other purpose subserved by the sun's currents, is 
of no less importance in the economy of nature, 
then preserving its equilibrium; and that is its 
heat. The sun is a great body, more then 800,000 
miles in diameter; and while its density, by reason 
of its intense heat is much less, then that of the 
earth; yet, its mass is so enormously great, that 
the heat generated at its center, by the pressure of 
the mass, a result of gravity; must be far beyond 



Science of Cosmology. 7£ 

one's comprehension, and in the economy of 
nature, by reason of the revolution of the sun, this: 
highly heated matter, flows from the center, to the. 
surface, while the cooled matter from the surface, 
is drawn into the interior through the poles; and 
heated as before; and thus the currents continue 
from center to surface, and from surface to center; 
and the heat of the sun by reason of this provision 
must continue to be nearly uniform throughout 
the ages to come, as well as those that have 
passed, and will prevent a crust from forming upon 
the sun's surface, and the same law would have 
prevented a crust from forming upon the surface 
of the Earth, if its mass had been primarily f used- 
While the heat of the sun body,, is approxi- 
mately the same at all times, there is a difference 
in the degree of heat received by the earth, and 
the other planets, from the sun body,*: and this 
degree varies at different periods of time, and is 
mainly due to sun spots, and the burning of gases r 
on the sun's surface. Without stoping to discuss 
the periodicity of sun spots, yet we will say; they 
result largely from planetary influence upon the 
mass of the solar body. The sun attracts the 
planets, and the planets in turn attracts the sun;; 
and the sun matter being a liquid, is free to move, 
and tides are created in sun matter; the same as; 
tides are observed, in the waters of the earth, as a 
result of the moon's attraction. We have often, 
taken a position, upon the margin of the ocean,, 
and watched the rising tide, and the tremendous 
agitation of the waters, as the tide comes in, and 
have thought that if the moon's influence, was 
sufficient to so agitate the waters of the earth, how 



74 A Revolution in the 

great must be the agitation of the sun's surface, 
when the earth and several of the planets, shall be 
in position, on the same side of the sun, and all act 
together to agitate its surface; which makes it im- 
possible for spots to form, or exist on that part of 
the sun's surface next the planets; but when most 
of the planets, or several of them, are upon the 
opposite side of the sun from the earth; then spots 
will form on the side next the earth, as the earth's 
power to disturb the sun's surface, is partially if 
not wholly destroyed, by the superior power of the 
other planets, acting in conjunction on the oppo- 
site; but the time most favorable to the existance 
of sun spots, is when the planets are so distributed 
over the solar system, that they neutralize each 
others influence, upon the sun; and this period 
takes place about every 56 years; and in a miner 
degree, with several of the planets, once in about 
every 12 years or less; and these causes results in 
cool years and warm years, according to the 
extent of sun spots; while the sudden combustion 
of sun gases, effects the temperature on the earth 
for shorter periods of time, and at irregular inter- 
vals. The sun's gases, are caused by the combus- 
tion of sun matter, and the rapid changes in tem- 
perature of portions of the sun's mass. The sun 
matter at the center of the sun body is highly 
heated, and sets out in currents from the center to 
the surface, differing in volume and momentum; and 
often emerge from the surface of the sun, with a 
velocity approximating 150 miles per second; which 
momentum carries the current of highly heated 
sun matter thousand of miles above the surface, 
.and great quantities of gas is released, which take 



Science of Cosmology. 75 

fire, and the flames mount upward, often more 
than 100,000 miles and have exceeded 250,000 miles; 
and extends over a large surface which is marked 
by escaping gases; and these disturbances, have 
been considered and classed as cyclones, sweeping 
over the sun's disk; but the fact, that the heat re- 
ceived by the earth, is sensibly increased during 
these solar disturbances; disposes of the storm, 
theory, and proves they are burning gases; a fact 
that is now established by experiments, made with 
the spectroscope. It must not be inferred, from 
these statements; that gases only escape during 
these disturbed periods; for such is not the case; 
but gas is constantly escaping; in a minor way. 
We notice when we boil water, that steam, rises in 
bubles through the mass of the water, and escapes 
from the surface; from the fact, the steam is 
lighter (less dense) then the water; and the case 
is the same with solar gases. By reason of the 
intense heat at the sun's center, gases result; and 
are distributed through its mass, and being 
lighter then the sun matter, pass up through the 
sun's mass, to the surface; the same as the steam 
(water gas) passes to the surface of the water; and 
when the solar gases escapes from the sun's sur- 
face; they become ignited by reason of excessive 
heat, and burn like torches; and have received the 
name Fecula (torch ) and perform an important 
function, in the diffusion of light and heat, in the 
solar system; and thereby making animal and 
plants life, not only a possibility, but a probability 
in all the planets of our system of worlds. 



The Developement of the Earth, From the Sun Matter. 



We have now traced the growth of our solar 
systems, from the atomts of space down through 
the cometic period; and the development of the 
sun body, at the center of the system, into a lumi- 
nous body; diffusing its light, heat, and electricity, 
into all the surrounding ' mass of matter; which 
divided into zones, corresponding to the electrial 
rings. In tracing the developing system, from the 
great solar comet, that preceded it in space; we 
have treated the comet, as having only one center, 
or head, when there is some evidence to the effect, 
that it had two centers, which is sometimes the 
case, as evidenced by other comets. 

In 1846, while astronomers were examining 
Biela's comet, through their telescopes; the two 
centers or heads, that had been observed in the 
body of the comet, had evidently reached that 
degree of density, when the centers of each of 
these globes or heads, generated heat; by reason 
of the gravitation of the matter, to a common center 
in each body; and that caused them to become pow- 
erful magnets, exercising an attractive and repul- 
sive force upon each other, and the greater magnet 
expelled the lessor to a certain distance, corres- 
ponding to its electricities and the mass of the 
comet divided, between the two magnets in propor- 
tion to their size and power; and the smaller mag- 
net followed the larger through space, the same as 
the moon follows the earth, and for a like cause; 



Science of Cosmology. 77 

and when the comet again appeared in 1852, the 
distance between the greater and lessor head, was 
about one and a quarter million miles; and al- 
though up to that time, Biela's comet, had had 
its regular period, it has not been seen since; and 
the probability is it has taken upon itself, by rea- 
son of its electricities, a fixed position, with refer- 
ence to other solar systems, and has settled down 
to planetary gestation; and a solar system will in 
time result. A phenomena is observed however 
where a comet develops two centers, or head which 
may prove, that the comet from which this solar 
system was formed, developed two centers instead 
of one. It has been noticed in Cane's Venatice, 
which seem to be a comet in gestation, that the 
two centers developed in the body of the nebula, re- 
volves in opposite directions, that is, the north 
pole of the lessor magnet, takes the same relative 
position as the south pole of the greater magnet; 
which causes it to revolve in an opposite direction 
to the greater magnet. 

If we now turn our telescope upon this solar 
system, we will find that the sun and all the 
planets, except perhaps Uranus; revolve in the 
same general direction from west to east, or, in the 
reverse order, to the hands of a clock. And, if as 
contended by some astronomers, Uranus, shall be 
found an exception to this rule, and revolves in an 
opposite direction to the other planets, the estab- 
lishing of this fact will prove, that the solar comet 
from which our system of worlds was formed, had 
developed two heads or centers, prior to its assum- 
ing a fixed position, as relating to other solar sys- 



78 



A Revolution in the 




Cut 9, represents Biela's comet. The smaller nucleus follows the 
larger, the same as the moon follows the Earth, under the same law. 



Science of Cosmology. 79 

terns, and prior to its settling down to planetary- 
gestation or world developement. 

As the sun, revolved on its axis, it carried 
with it the surrounding matter in the same general 
direction; but as the waves or rings of its electri- 
cities, differed in energy, and diminished in power, 
as they proceeded outward from the sun body, the 
inner rings of matter, would revolve with greater 
speed, than those further from the sun, as ex- 
emplified by the rings of saturn. This force 
caused the opening between the rings to widen, 
and the ring matter to contract in width and 
gradually increase in density; as a result of the 
agitation of the matter; and the rapid changes in 
electricities from the positive to the negative form, 
and vice versa. 

The mass of the ring matter, being a part of 
the comet, consists of the small globes that con- 
stituted the comet. Each has its circuit, within 
he electerical waves and travels in a zigzag way 
crossing and re-crossing the line of its orbit; 
thereby changing its electricities from the positive 
to the negative, and from the negative to the posi- 
tive form, in rapid succession, as evidenced by the 
movement of the planets, in asteroids and by the 
small globes in the rings of saturn, which seem to 
serve, as an example to show the process, or law, 
by which solar systems are evolved. 

Let us now pass outward, from the sun body, 
to the third ring of matter, which now constitutes, 
the earth and moon ; and by tracing the evolution 
of these planets, from the ring matter, we will 
incidently learn, the process, by which all planets 
are evolved. For they are all formed of the same 

(6) 



80 A Revolution in the 

material, as prdven by the spectroscope, and are 
governed in their development, by the same 
natural law. We conceive the ring matter, as al- 
ready stated, to consist of an indefinite number of 
small globes, varying in size, as previously stated, 
from a few inches to several feet in diameter. 
Each of these small globes, has an orbit, as is the 
case, with larger globes; and by the agitation of 
the ring matter, and the rapid changes in its 
electricities, condensation followed. The smaller 
globes united into larger ones, and finally, a globe 
was developed, of sufficient size and density, to 
generate heat at its center; and thereby become a 
magnet, and a generator of solar electricities. In 
the earth zone matter, there were two magnets 
developed, the earth and moon. Prior to their 
revolution, they were magnets at rest, and attract- 
ed equally, in all directions. The small globes, 
that united with them preserved their spherical 
forms, by reason of the currents of electricities 
being thrown from the magnetic globes at rest, in 
the form of concentric electrical spheres, as ex- 
plained in another chapter. 

We will here remark, that oxygen and hydro- 
gen were originary gases in space; and by reason 
of the currents of electricities passing through 
them, these gases were united, and water resulted, 
which in some form, was present in all the various 
stages of planetary growth, incident to the de- 
velopment of the world. 

In the small globes of matter, a certain per 
cent is moisture; and as the small globe condenses, 
the solid matter gravitates toward the center; and 



Science of Cosmology. 81 

the water being lighter is forced to the surface; 
and all globes, that possess a specific gravity, 
greater than water, is covered with moisture; a 
fact, that the spectro scope verifies, with reference 
to the small globes in Asteroids; all of which so 
far as discovered, are covered with water. 

The importance of water, in planetary de- 
velopement, will become more apparent as we 
proceed in tracing the development of the earth 
and moon from the solar zone matter, where the 
small globes united to form these magnets, which 
later developed in the earth and moon. The 
union of the small globes were not at first perfect, 
as their forms had to be to some extent changed, 
before a perfect union of the mass could take 
place. The water that covered the surface of the 
small globes, occupied the spaces between them, 
not filled by the solid matter, and gradually dis- 
solved the small globes, to an extent 
that they settled down to the places assigned 
them, in the formation of the planet. As the 
spaces between the small globes were filled with 
solid matter, the water, being lighter, rose to the 
surface; and when our earth, as well as all other 
planets, was completed, it consisted of the small 
globes, which now constitute the unstratified rocks 
of the earth. These were covered with water; 
and the earth presented the appearance at that 
time, of a world of water, like some of the small 
globes in Asteroid, and much like the surface of 
Jupiter, which is mostly water at the present 
time. 

This was probably, the condition of the earth, 



82 A Revolution in the 

when as Moses tells us; " The Spirit of God moved 
upon the face of the waters" and is one of the strong- 
est proofs, in support of the inspiration of the 
scriptures; for all scientists have been upon the 
other side of the proposition and have claimed, 
that ' ' The earth was evolved from a condition of 
fervent heat, " and have cited the so called mis- 
takes of Moses, that the earth in the first day or 
period of its growth was covered with water, as an 
evidence, that the Bible was not written by in- 
spiration, or Moses would have known the facts, as 
science knew them; that the earth in the first day 
of its creation, was not covered with water. Now 
at the period, when the earth had solidified 
sufficiently to force the water to the surface, the 
density of the mass, proves to have been sufficient 
to generate a heat at its center, adequate to fuse 
the matter; and the planet began to revolve upon a 
line perpendicular to the plane of its orbit; a fact 
observable in all newly formed globes, as will 
be noted in another chapter. 

The two magnets, earth and moon being 
formed about the same time, in the zone matter of 
the earth there was a large amount of detached 
matter, that was acted upon by each of these mag- 
nets, earth and moon; while they were at rest, that 
is before they begin to revolve. As a result, this 
matter being thus attracted in opposite directions, 
did not unite with either of these magnets, and the 
earth being the greater magnet, with a diameter 
nearly four times greater then that of the moon, 
its solidification was more rapid, and it earlier be- 
came a revolving magnet. As soon as it began 



Science of Cosmology. 83 

to revolve it threw off its currents of electricities in 
rings parallel to its equator; and the moon accord- 
ing to its electricities, assumed an orbit, defined by 
the second ring of electricities, thrown from the 
earth body, and accompanied the earth, at this 
distance around the sun, firmly held within the 
electric circle. The earth being now a powerful 
magnet, attracted to itself all the detached matter, 
in the zone that had not united with the earth and 
moon, As the earth was revolving upon a line 
perpendicular to the plane of its orbit this detach- 
ed matter, was wound on to the earth, thickest at 
the equator, which is half way between the two 
poles of the revolving magnet, diminishing 
gradually in thickness to the north and south of 
the equator, and extending but slightly with the 
polar circles of the earth. As this detached 
matter was wound on to the earth, it settled down 
into the water, and now constitutes the stratified 
rocks of the earth. These rocks are about 13 miles 
in thickness at the equator ; and change the 
form of the earth, from a sphere to a sphereoid. 



The Development of the Earth and Moon, From the 
Original Zone Matter of the Sun. 



We have stated in the preceding chapter, that 
the earth was changed in form from a sphere to a 
sphereoid,by the winding on of the stratified rocks, 
and will now state further, that this proposition is 
sustained by the evidence adduced by the other 
planets, as well as the earth. 

If we turn the telescope upon Venus, a planet 
that so nearly resembles the earth that it has 
been called her twin sister, we will find that while 
Venus is about the same size as the earth, and has 
about the same revolution, and is formed of the 
same material, under the same conditions; yet, her 
equatorial diameter, is the same as her polar 
diameter. If the form of the earth was changed 
from a sphere to a sphereoid, by reason of its 
revolution, while in a fused state, the same change 
would have taken place in Venus as in the earth. 
The fact that Venus 's, form was not changed 
proves that in her early stages her matter was not 
fused, but is now gradually undergoing the fusion 
process, as a result of natural law, similar to that 
of the earth, and all other planets. Venus was 
formed precisely as the earth was formed, from 
the zone matter of the sun. But in the Venus zone 
matter, there was only one magnet developed, and 
all the small globes of matter in her zone, united 
with the one magnet, and formed the one planet. 



Science of Cosmology. 85 

There was no detached matter, and hence 
Venus has no stratified rocks, but only the un- 
stratified, which is the basis of all planets, and 
results from the hardening of the original small 
globes of matter, that unite to form the planet. 

If we now turn our telescope upon Mars, we 
will find a different condition exists. In her zone 
matter there were at least three magnets develop- 
ed: herself and two moons. These left a large 
amount of detached matter, that did not unite 
with either magnet, for reasons already stated, 
and what is now the planet Mars, being the 
greatest magnet, it soon developed into a revolving 
magnet, as we observed w T ith reference to the 
earth, and attracted to itself, all the detached 
matter in its zone, which was wound on to the 
planet as they were wound on to the earth; and 
the equatorial diameter of Mars, was thereby in- 
creased, over her polar diameter, nearly ninety 
miles; thus showing that her stratified rocks are 
about forty-five miles in thickness at her equator. 
Then we turn the telescope on the next zone of 
matter. But instead of finding a planet and one or 
more Moons, we find a great number of small 
magnets or moons developed in that zone of 
matter, none of which was of sufficient size and 
density to develop a revolving magnet, and form a 
planet. Hence we have the anomaly in this 
solar system, of a zone of matter that evolved 
nothing but moons, which are in fact a great num- 
ber of miniature magnets, nearly all of which are 
invisible to the unassisted eye. [See cut 7.] 

"We next pass to Jupiter and find in her zone 



86 A Revolution in the 

matter, that at least five magnets were developed. 
This would leave in her zone a large amount of 
detached matter, which fact is attested, by the in- 
crease of her equatorial over her polar diameter, 
of nearly 5000 miles; thus proving that her 
stratified rock at her equator, must be about 2500 
miles in thickness, as a result of the winding on 
of the detached matter in her zone. Then if we 
turn our attention to Saturn, where at least nine 
magnets were developed, we find that the great 
quantities of detached matter is manifest, in the 
increase of Saturn's equatorial diameter, over her 
polar diameter, of nearly seven thousand miles; 
proving that her stratified rocks at her equator is 
about 3500 miles in thickness; and thus the facts 
of nature, as adduced by the planets of the solar 
system, disprove the theory of the primitive fusion 
of the earth, and sustain the Bible narration of the 
creation; that the primitive earth was not fused, 
but was covered with water. We might add 
that for this reason, the ocean water, holds in solu- 
tion all the minerals, even to gold and silver, com- 
mon to the earth, and results from the fact, that 
these waters in some form, were present, at all the 
different stages of the earth's growth; and the 
fresh water was formed at a later period by 
evaporation; a process of distillation in nature, by 
which the moisture in a comparatively pure state 
is taken up by the atmosphere, and precipitated in 
showers of rain; and constitute the worlds supply 
of fresh water by falling on the landed surface of 
the globe, and being absorbed and retained in the 
earth's reservoirs. The revolution of the earth, 



Science of Cosmology. 



87 




Cut 10.— Represents Mars. It will be observed, the water is 
parted at the pole, and the photograph shows, a similar continent at 
the opposite pole; resulting from the revolution of the planet; and 
the telescope proves that all revolving planets, have their polar 
continents. 



88 A Revolution in the 

had another effect aside from the winding on of 
the detached matter, and that was the parting of 
the water at the poles. There are many proofs as 
evidenced by the rock formation, in the various 
parts of the earth, that the entire surface of the 
globe was covered with water, and this condition 
must have prevailed for an age or period, just 
prior to the time when the earth began to revolve 
on its axis. 

The poles of the earth, represent the center of 
motion, both" in the Arctic and Anarctic regions; 
and the water parted at each of these points, and 
flowed outward towards the equator. This 
caused a continent at each po]e, which land was the 
first to appear above the surface of the ocean; and 
Moses in speaking of this event in the first chapter 
of Geneses, tells us that, "God divided the water 
from the waters, and caused the dry land to 
appear. " The division would result, from the 
revolution of the earth upon its axis. If the lands 
at the poles, were in fact the first to appear above 
the surface of the ocean are not these two polar 
continents, the cradle of primary plant and animal 
life? and to this question all proofs seem to answer 
in the affirmative. For the abundance of tropical 
life, both plant an animal, as evidenced in the fossil, 
within the Arctic zone, as discussed in another 
chapter, prove this proposition true; and the only 
question, that now remains to be solved with re- 
ference to these lands, is first: Why were the 
Arctic and Anarctic continents warm and humid, 
at that time ? and second, what changed the climate 
of these two continents, from a semi-tropical, to 



Science of Cosmology. 89 

one of intense frigidity, in which all former 
species of plant and animal life perished? In 
answering these questions, we shall rely wholly 
upon the facts in nature under natural law. 

The earth and all newly formed globes, revolve 
upon a line perpendicular to the plane of their 
orbits, and continue to so revolve until fused 
matter is ejected from the interior to the surface 
of the planet in sufficient quantities to change 
their centers and cause them to incline toward 
the plane of their orbits. ' 

If we observe the map of the earth, we will 
find, that about four-fifths of the land, is in the 
northern hemisphere, and this fact makes it as we 
say, top heavy, and it inclines towards the plane 
of its orbit, about 23-g- degrees. 

Before any matter, however, was ejected from 
the interior, the globe revolved upon a line per- 
pendicular to the plane of its orbit, and the earth 
continued to revolve in this manner, until the 
eruptions of matter from the interior to the surface 
took place, which changed its center, and this 
caused its line of revolution to change from a per- 
pendicular to an incline. 

While the earth revolved upon its perpendicu- 
lar axis, and the sun at the same time shone up- 
on one half of the earth continuously; its rays 
were falling constantly upon the polar continents, 
and there was continuous day, as is evidenced by 
the structure of the eye of the ancient animals, 
treated in a previous chapter. The fact, that 
the sun never set during this period at the polar 
continents, and its rays were not withdrawn from 



SO A Revolution in the 

these lands while the earth revolved on its per- 
pendicular axis, prove that a large amount of heat 
was diffused, over these lands. 

The equatorial diameter of the earth was also 
greater than the polar diameter, and as the strat- 
ified rocks were wound onto the earth, they sank 
beneath the waters, and the waters rose in con- 
sequence. Under the law that water will seek 
a, level, these waters set off towards the poles, until 
they came in contact with the waters surround- 
ing the polar continents, which were augumented 
thereby, and the polar lands, were thus encircled 
by an elevation of waters, resembling a wall of 
waters. 

The climate at any point upon the earth's sur- 
face, is effected in the main, by the angle at which 
it receives the sun's rays; and the depression, or, 
elevation of surface, as compared with the surface 
of the ocean. 

The polar continents, being perhaps about 13 
miles nearer the center of the earth, than points at 
the equator, and being surrounded by an elevation 
of water, resulting from "dividing the waters 
from the waters" caused by the revolution of the 
earth upon its axis, would possess a damp heavy 
atmosphere, just suited to retain the heat,' diffused 
by the sun body. When we take into considera- 
tion, the fact, that the sun's rays in penetrating 
the polar continents, pass through strata of atmos- 
phere of different densities, which would refract 
the rays, and bend them in towards the poles many 
degrees, it is evident, that a large amount of heat 
was centered within these polar lands, and the 



Science of Cosmology. 91 

climate would thereby be free from frost and 
while it would not be a hot country it would be 
semi-tropical; and by reason of its damp heavy 
atmosphere excessive vegetable growth would 
result. The fossil proves, that just such a coun- 
try existed at the north pole; for the tropical ani- 
mals, had a hair covering, which is not common to 
like species in the torrid zone ; and the vegetables* 
bulbs and leaves, found in the frozen stomachs, 
of these extinct animals proves to have grown, in 
a moist heavy atmosphere, not such as prevail in 
the tropics, but such as might be expected to pre- 
vail at the depressed polar continents, in the rays 
of a constant sun. 



The Motion of the Earth and Moon in Space, and In- 
cidently the Motion of All Celestial Bodies. 



We have referred to two motions of the earth in 
space, the revolution upon its axis, which divides 
the light from the darkness and caused the 
polar continents; and its circuit around the sun, 
which latter period constitutes the solar year. 

While the earth revolved, on a line perpendi- 
cular to the plane of its orbit, its path around the 
sun was a circle, which conformed to the outer 
limit of its solar electrical wave that confined its 
zone matter. 

The Earth was, at that time, and is now, a 
great magnet; but as compared with the sun mag- 
net, it is inferior; and its electricites in volume and 
form, are adjusted to the third electrical wave of 
the sun body. The Earth as a magnet, is charged 
with positive and negative electricities. The one is 
evidenced by the north pole, where the positive 
currents are discharged in the Aurora Borealis, 
and the other by the south pole of the earth as 
manifest in the Aurora Australis. They are equally 
distributed; but by reason of the motion of the 
earth, they are constantly changing, from the one 
to the other. To illustrate, the earth being 
equally charged with the two forms of electricities, 
its tendency is to go half way across tbe line of its 
orbit, which represents the outer circle of the 
solar electrical wave. But the momentum of the 



Science of Cosmology. 



93 




Cut 11.— Represents the third motion of the earth. The heavy 
line shows the true circle of the earth's orbit, as defined by the outer 
limit of her zone matter; and the other line the actual motion of the 
earth in space. The earth is represented as within the true circle, 
where the positive electricities prevail, and expels the earth, to the 
outside, where it assumes the negative form and passes back within 
4^he circle. As compared with each other; inside the circle is the 
positive, and outside, the negative electricities and by induction the 
earth's is changed from one form to the other, by crossing and re- 
crossing the line. 



94 A Revolution in the 

earth, carried it entirely outside the circle. 
Then the opposite electricities assert themselves, 
and the earth sets back to the exact line of its 
orbit; but the momentum again carries it through 
the line inside the circle, where the electricities 
are again changed, and it thus continues to travel 
in its orbit, not in a direct line, but in a zigzag way, 
describing small half circles, within and without 
the true circle, of the earth's orbit. This 
motion was early noticed in the earth, with 
reference to the position of the north star, as com- 
pared with the north pole of the earth; and the 
wabbling motion was ascribed to the north pole as 
resulting, from the slowing down of the earth's 
revolution, and not to the movement of the entire 
globe in its orbit. The same movement is observed 
in the moon, and in the other planets, and result from 
the operation of natural law, common to aJl celesti- 
al globes. The moon as before stated, is confined 
to the outer limit, of the second electrical wave, 
thrown out from the earth; but instead of follow- 
ing the exact orbit as defined by this circle, it 
passes back and forth across the circles, in like 
manner as the earth, and from- the same cause, 
changes . in its electricities from the positive to 
the negative and vice versa. It may be asked, in 
this connection, why most of the planets travel in 
ellipses, instead of circles; and we will answer the 
question, by saying that most of the planets, have 
advanced sufficiently in age, so that matter has 
been ejected from their interior to their surface, 
and this has changed their centers, so they no 
longer revolve on a line perpendicular to the plane 



Science of Cosmology. 95 

of their orbit; and the orbits, becomes elliptical, in 
proportion as the planet is inclined from a perpen- 
dicular. 

This fact, is proven by the action of all the 
planets, including the earth, and we will now con- 
sider the cause. The earth, as before stated, is 
charged with positive and negative electricities 
and nominally in equal proportion. The one is re- 
presented by the north pole, and the other by the 
south pole of the earth. The north pole of the 
earth represents the same electricity as that con- 
tained in the third electrical wave from the sun. 
The earth being inclined from a perpendicular, 
about 23| degrees, when the sun crosses the equa- 
tor coming north, the north pole gradually in- 
clines within the circle of the electrical waves, or 
in other words point towards the sun. Then as like 
repels like, the earth is forced some what outside of 
its regular orbit, in adjusting its electricities. 
"When the sun recrosses the equator going south; 
the south pole, comes more within the electrical 
waves, and as the opposite electricites attract 
each other, the earth is drawn somewhat within 
the circle, before the equilibrium in its electri- 
cities are restored. Consequently the earth is 
nearer the sun by several million miles when it is 
winter in the northern hemisphere than when it is 
summer, and it proves to be due wholly to this 
cause. The same law prevails with reference 
to other celestial bodies; for we repeat, all are 
formed of the same material, and governed in their 
inception, growth and decay, by the same natural 
law, which inheres in all the matter, of the 
material creation. 
m 



96 



A Revolution in the 




Out 12.— Represents the earth at the summer solstice, and the 
North pole is turned toward the sun. The heavy line represents the 
present orbit of the earth, and the checked line, the orbit of the 
earth when it revolved on a perpendicular axis. The North pole of 
the earth has the same electricity as that which prevails in the sun 
body, or within the wave; and as like repels like, the earth is forced 
outside of its true orbit; and at the winter solstice, the South pole is 
presented to the Sun, and as the opposite electricities attract each 
other, the earth is drawn within the true orbit, and consequently 
moves in an ellipse instead of a circle. 



Science of Cosmology. 97 

In viewing this solar system, as it exists in 
space, we are impressed with the idea, that many 
of the planets represent miniature solar systems. 
Take for examples Jupiter with her four, and per- 
haps more satellites, and they present all the char- 
acteristics of a solar system; while Saturn with her 
rings of zone matter, and her eight satellites gives 
us an example of a developing Solar system on a 
grander scale; and all go to prove, that the uni- 
verse of organized matter, consists of solar systems 
of solar systems, each performing its function, in 
the economy of nature, and the different parts of the 
systems acting in harmony with the whole; similar 
to the parts of the animal body. We might, in 
fact, compare the universe of matter to the animal 
organization. Space being the great body, without 
form and void, the globes the great nerve 
centers of this incomprehensible body; and the 
electricities passing from one globe to the other, 
keeping each part of this great body in posi- 
tion, and governing its action seem in function, not 
unlike the tendons in the animal body; while the 
brain the great directing force, of this unlimited 
body, is God, not only God of this world, but God 
of a universe of worlds; comprehending within his 
infinity all space and all time — such a Being is 
indeed a God. 

The question has been asked with reference to 
Jupiter and Saturn, why there was so much more 
matter in these two zones, than in the others. And 
from a careful study of these two planets, it seems 
quite evident, that much of their matter, has come 
from without their zones, by comet absorption. 



98 A Revolution in the 

We have observed in another chapter, that the 
mass of comets, especially planetary comets, 
is often so light that there is not sufficient density 
to develop a center, and the comet under these 
circumstances, drifts in space, and sometimes 
comes within the influence of planets, or solar sys- 
tems, and are absorbed. 

The unnatural size of Jupiter and Saturn, is 
undoubtedly due to the absorption of planetary 
tramp comets. It will be remembered that in 
1770, a tramp comet, became entangled in the 
satellites of Jupiter, and was w r atched for four 
months, and then the position of the planet, be- 
came such, with reference to the sun, that it could 
no longer be seen for several months. There is 
little doubt, that the comet gradually dissolved, 
and added to the stratified rocks of Jupiter, and 
masses of the comet, are yet apparent in the bands 
of Jupiter, which have been taken by some astron- 
omers for clouds of moisture in her atmosphere; 
but are in fact bands of planetary, or, comet vapor. 
Saturn's rings, and perhaps some of her moons, 
are due to the same cause. In fact Jupiter and 
Saturn seem to be stumbling blocks to tramp 
comets, and no doubt many have been absorbed by 
these planets, and hence their enormous size. The 
Chaldeans, seem to have known of the existence 
of Saturn 2231 years ago, and they ascribed to her 
three moons, but say nothing about rings. The 
Chaldeans were efficient astronomers, and studied 
the stars as a religious duty; and from their 
marvelous knowledge, it would seem they 
must have had powerful astronomical instruments. 



Science of Cosmology. 99 

If they were thereby enabled to discover three 
of the satallites of Saturn, it would seem, that if 
she had possessed her rings, at that time they 
would have been discovered; and the fact, that 
they were not discovered, is a strong circumstance, 
in proof, that they did not then exist, and are of 
a comparatively recent date. 

These rings have undergone changes since 
first discovered, and the division of the rings or 
zones, are becoming more marked. The inner 
ring seems to be gradually dissolving and falling 
to the planet, and perhaps, adding to her stratified 
rocks. From the motion and general appear- 
ance of her zone matter, it would seem, that the 
small globes, that constitute these rings, are be- 
coming more dense, and are uniting into larger 
ones. New satellites will probably develop 
from time to time, and eventually the rings will 
disappear, and globes will take their place, unless, 
the matter is supplied by the absorption of other 
tramp comets, that may come within her influence. 

LofC. 



100 



A Revolution in the 




Cut— 13.— Represents Saturn with her ring matter. She serves as 
an example to show how Solar systems are builded. 



The Polar Continents; The Change From a Semi-Tropical 
to one of Great Frigidity. 



We have noticed, that the conditions in the 
polar regions were such, that these continents 
were blessed with a moist, and moderately warm 
atmosphere, just suited to luxuriant vegetable 
growth; and perhaps, no other part of the 
earth's surface, has, or ever will equal it in that 
respect. 

The polar continents, were comparatively 
small countries, resulting from the parting of 
waters at the poles; and if we examine the polar 
continents of Mars, which resulted from the same 
cause, we will then be able to form in the mind, a 
picture of the polar continents of the earth, and 
their relative size, as compared with the surface 
of the earth; and yet, the North Polar continent, 
sustained such an abundance of animal life, that 
their remains constitute many of the Island groups 
of the Arctic sea, and form the vast deposits of 
animal matter, for thousands of miles along the 
northern coast of Siberia, and extending far in- 
land. The Glaciers that floated to the south, 
scattered their remains, over the northern part of 
North America as far South as 40 degrees North 
latitude; and in some instances beyond this limit; 
and perhaps, their remains carried to sea were 
scattered over the ocean, by the melting of the 
Glaciers, even in greater profusion than over the 



102 A Revolution in the 

lands. All these circumstances prove the 
abundance of life, that existed at the North Polar 
continent, and establishes the truth of the superior 
fertility of the country, beyond any land, at the 
present known to man. 

But, while the animal life, was thus multiply- 
ing in this country of perpetual day, a land 
without an equal in fertility of soil, neither- 
too hot nor too cold, but just adapted to the 
wants of the Flora and Fauna, indigeous to the 
soil and country ; the . earth as a whole, was 
becoming more dense; and as its density increased 
the heat generated, by reason of the pressure of 
matter, increased in like ratio. We have already 
noticed, that with the present density of the earth, 
if we would take a column of earth matter one foot 
square at the base, and place upon this base, cubic 
foot after cubic foot, of earth material, until the 
column extends upward to the height of 59t 
miles, the pressure of this column of matter at 
the base, would generate a heat, of more than 
6,400 degrees; and hence long before the comple- 
tion of the column, the heat will melt the earth 
matter at the base of the column. 

This being true, and inasmuch as the earth 
at that time was nearly 8,000 miles in diameter, 
the matter at the center of the earth was com- 
pelled to sustain the weight of a column of matter, 
from the center to the surface of the globe; or, 
about 4,000 miles of earth matter; it is evident, 
that the material of the earth at that time, must 
have been very light, as compared with its present 
density, or the fusion of its mass, would have 
been much more rapid. 



Science of Cosmology. 103 

But as its density increased, the fusion of the 
interior progressed; and as the earth matter, was 
reduced from a solid to a liquid by means of heat 
the fused matter expanded. When the expan- 
sive force of the fused interior, became sufficiently 
great, it exploded one side of the earth, which re- 
sulted in the elevation of what is now the eastern 
continent of the globe. 

If we will notice the geography of the eastern 
continent, it evidences a great upheaval. The 
mountain systems are irregular, showing that the 
material of the earth, was loose, and the surface, 
was not compact, as was the case, when the west- 
ern continent was elevated; for there, the moun- 
tain systems are regular, and the ranges extend, 
nearly from the Arctic to the Anarctic continents 
of the earth. When the explosion took place, 
about two and one half per cent of the earth's 
weight, was removed from the interior to the sur- 
face; and the earth was thrown out of center, in 
the sense, that the moon is out of center, and 
drifted in its orbit, in the same manner, as the moon 
is now drifting. 

To illustrate what we mean by throwing the 
earth out of center: Let us in our minds, place a 
band around the earth, in the region of the equat- 
or, one foot wide. We will now insert a plane on 
each side of this band, which will cut the earth in 
three parts; and the central part, will represent a 
wheel, one foot wide, and the same in diameter, as 
the earth. We will now suspend this wheel, on an 
axis at its center; and being equally balanced, it 
revolves by the application of a slight force. 



104 A Revolution in the 

If we now overcome the friction, it will continue its 
revolution, by reason of the inertia of its mass; 
but we now remove 2| per cent of the weight of 
the wheel, from the center to the surface, and we 
thereby throw it out of center, and the wheel 
ceases to revolve. This is just what happened 
to the earth, when the eastern continent was elevat- 
ed. If we again consult the geography we will 
observe, that about five-sixth of the eastern con- 
tinent, is in the northern hemisphere, much 
of it far to the north; and this caused the earth to 
be top heavy at the north, and the heavy part of 
the earth, or north pole, was turned from the sun, 
the same as the heavy part of the moon, is turned 
from the earth and from a like cause. This fact, 
can be illustrated, by taking a small globe, and 
attaching a string to its equator, and swinging it 
around in a circle. The hand that holds the 
string, would represent the sun of our solar sys- 
tem, the string the attractive force of the sun, that 
holds the earth in position; and the small globe, 
the earth. The small globe being equally balanc- 
ed by the two hemispheres, one on each side of 
where the string is attached, makes its circle in an 
upright position, but now if we remove 2|per cent 
of the matter of this small globe, from the center 
to the surface, and far to the north; we will ob- 
serve, the north pole of the small globes to turn 
from us while it completes its circle or revolution. 
The same law governs in the movement of 
planets; and when the explosion took place, that 
elevated the Eastern continent, the north pole was 
turned away from the sun, and instant darkness 



Science of Cosmology. 105 

prevailed. The temperature of the climate at 
the North Polar continent, was instantly changed, 
from a semi-tropical to one of great frigidity, in 
which all forms of plant and animal life perished; 
went out in the darkness of the night, in the terror 
of an Arctic tempest without a parallel in the 
annals of the ages. The circumstances connected 
with the distruction of animal life in the North 
Polar continent evidence just such a catastrophe 
as this; and show, that the animals, many of 
them, were quietly feeding, when the crisis came. 
The earth was thrown out of center, by reason of 
the explosion, and ceased to revolve upon its axis, 
and the Polar continent, that had resulted from 
the dividing of the waters, in consequence of the 
revolution of the globe, was immediately over- 
flowed with water. As the earth trembled and 
shook in its throes of cosmic convulsions, amid 
the roar of the waters as they came together and 
closed over the po]ar continent, is it a wonder, that 
all the beasts were panic stricken? They 
struggled in the torrents, the stronger climbing to 
the backs of the weaker; and in the darkness of the 
night, amid Arctic cold, perished; and as their 
lives went out, they mingled their groans and cries 
of distress with the roar of the tempest. In 
this condition their carcasses were incased in a 
tomb of ice to await the coming of the centuries of 
another age. 

The overflow of the polar continent is also sup- 
ported by scripture; for in the second Epistle of 
Peter, in chapter three arid verses five and six; 
Peter says : * ' The earth was standing, out of the 



106 A Revolution in the 

water and in the water, and the world that then 
was, being overflowed with water perished." It 
would seem, that a reasonable construction of the 
above paragraphs, warrants us in assuming, that 
lie meant when he said " The Earth was Standing " 
that it was revolving on a line perpendicular to the 
plane of its orbit; for it would then be standing at 
right angle to the plane of its orbit; and it was out 
of the water and in the tvater. That is the polar con- 
tinents were out of the water, and the balance of 
the earth was in the water; and the world as he 
used it, has reference undoubtedly to the landed 
portions of the earth, which were the polar con- 
tinents, and he tells us, these were overflowed with 
water and perished, which would have resulted, as 
soon as the earth ceased to revolve upon its axis. 
How long the earth drifted in its orbit, with its 
north pole turned away from the sun, can never 
be calculated; but it must have been for ages. For 
the Arctic sea was frozen solidly to the bottom, 
and far beneath in many places, as is proven by 
the glaciers, that at the time of the thawing out 
of the continent of ice, lifted great sections of soil 
and rock from the polar regions and deposited 
them far inland on the American continent, as well 
as the continent of Europe and Asia. These 
facts attest the extreme low temperature that 
must have prevailed in the far north during the 
drifting period of the earth, and serve to some 
extent, as a key to unlock the mysteries of the 
past. 

The intensity of the cold, that prevailed dur- 
ing this period, is further attested by the condi- 



Science of Cosmology. 107 

tions in some parts of Alaska. At the present 
time, the earth freezes in Alaska, several feet dur- 
ing the winter season, and thaws out in summer. 
Yet, when we pass through the several feet of 
frozen earth, formed during the winter, we come 
in contact, with several feet of earth that is not 
frozen, and beneath this, is a stratum of firmly 
frozen earth several feet in thickness, that was 
probably formed at the time the glaciers were 
formed, while the earth drifted in its orbit. In 
the extreme north of Alaska, however, this sub- 
stratum of frozen earth does not exist, and while 
the earth freezes to a great depth in winter, it 
thaws out in summer, and the thawing of the sub- 
stratum of frozen earth, is gradually extending to 
the south, and within a few decades, this evidence 
of the extremely low temperature, that obtained 
in the north, during the drift period of the earth, 
will be removed, like many other proofs, that 
have preceded it in the past. 



The Elevation of the Western Continent, and the Restor- 
ation of the Earth's Center. 



If we again turn to the map of the eastern 
continent, we will observe, that after the explosion, 
great numbers of volcanoes, were created, that 
served as vents, to the interior combustion of the 
globe; and through which were discharged, vast 
quantities of fused matter, that relieved to a great 
extent the expansive force of the lava of the inter- 
ior, while the earth drifted in its orbit. 

The earth was literally blown to pieces, in the 
region of the northern part of the eastern continent 
and the chasms extended far to the south, and vast 
quantities of fused earth, was forced from beneath, 
into all the fissures in the surface rocks. As the 
fused matter parted with its heat, it hardened and 
acted as a sort of cement, to unite the broken sur- 
face, and in the course of the years, the surface in 
the region of the eastern continent, was firmer 
than before the explosion. But as the earth 
increased in density, the heat generated by the 
pressure of its mass also increased; and the vol- 
canoes became inadequate, to relieve the expansive 
force of the fused interior. In consequence of this 
another explosion took place, on the opposite side 
of the globe, in the region of what is now America. 
The earth was opened nearly from pole to pole, 
and the great Rocky Mountain system was thrown 
up above the surface of the ocean. Many other 



Science of Cosmology, 109 

nearly parallel clefts, in the surface of the earth, 
was made, as evidenced by the numerous chains of 
mountains, extending in the same general direction, 
thus showing that at the time of this last eruption 
the earth was much denser, than when the eastern 
continent was elevated, and the surface more com- 
pact. Hence the mountain systems were more 
regular, and were not jumbled up, as was the case 
with the mountains in the eastern continent. 

When the explosion in the surface of the earth 
took place, in the region of the Rocky Mountains, 
the shell of the earth to the east of these moun- 
tains, was lifted up, by the expansive force of the 
fused matter, underneath; and another break 
occurred in the shell in the locality of the Appa- 
lachian system of mountains, extending from the 
northeastern portion of North America, through 
the West Indian Islands and along the eastern 
coast of South America, and uniting with the cleft 
marked by the Rocky Mountains, at a point south 
of the southern limit of South America. The 
section of the shell of the earth, lying between 
these two clefts, as represented by these two 
mountain systems, was buoyed up by the fused 
matter underneath and was held in position above 
the surface of the water, until the matter, now in 
the mountain system, congealed, and made the 
American continent permanent. The Geological 
survey of the United States, goes far in proving 
the truth of this proposition, for the facts estab- 
lished by the survey, are the facts, that would 
follow, the elevation of the American continent, 
in the manner above set forth. If the American 



110 A Revolution in the 

continent was elevated, in the manner stated; when 
the shell of the earth separated in the region of 
the Appalachian system of mountains, there would 
have been a reflex action in this portion of the 
shell broken loose. That is, there would have been 
a slight falling down of the western side of the 
shell, just east of the Rocky Mountains, and a 
slight elevation of the eastern side of the shell, 
immediately west of the Appalachian system. 
The Geological survey shows, that this is the case; 
and the surface of the earth just west of the 
Appalachian system of mountains, is on an aver- 
age about four feet higher than the surface at the 
east of the mountains from which it was broken, 
which clearly proves, the reflex action. The depres- 
sion east of the Rocky Mountains was so great, 
that an arm of the sea, extended through what is 
now the Gulf of Mexico, far inland, and included 
what is now Great Salt Lake within its bounds. 
By seismic disturbances, and sand drift from the 
mountains, a part of this arm was cut off from the 
sea, and gradually dried up, leaving in its path, 
the great salt beds of Kansas and the western 
middle states. Much of which we now call the 
great plains of the central west, was at that time 
under the arm of the sea; but evaporation, drift, 
and seismic disturbances, gradually accomplished 
its work, and the great inland sea of the past, is 
now confined to the narrow limits of the waters of 
the Gulf, and Great Salt Lake. That, these west- 
ern plains, were at one time, the bed of this inland 
sea, is proven by the fossils of sea monsters, which 
are largely distributed over these plains, and in 



Science of Cosmology. Ill 

such abundance, that they may be seen in nearly 
all museums, in America and Europe; and some of 
the specimens being of enormous size. 

When, what is known as the strip, south of 
Kansas, was opened to settlement, a few years ago; 
there was a scarcity of fuel, and the settlers were 
in the habit of gathering drift wood, that during 
high water, had come down from the mountains. 
On one occasion, a settler saw what he took 
to be a pole, about eight inches in diameter pro- 
truding from the sand. In attempting to pull it 
up, he discovered it was a bone, firmly imbedded 
in the sand. He procured several of his neighbors 
and with shovels, they began to remove the sand, 
and succeeded in uncovering the remains of a huge 
sea monster, that must have been over three hun- 
dred feet long, in his life time. The bone in ques- 
tion, was the frontal bone of a Dorsal Phin, and, 
while the portion of this bone above the sand, had 
crumbled into decay, so its exact length cannot be 
known yet, the part buried in the sand, was over 
thirteen feet in length, and the skull of this mons- 
ter, was eight feet across, with eye sockets, thir- 
teen inches in diameter, and the cavity in the 
skull, indicated that it had, had brains by the bus- 
hel. The skull, the frontal bone of the Dorsal 
Phin, and a few sections of the vertebrae, were all 
that could be saved of this prehistoric speci- 
men, the balance crumbled into dust, on being ex- 
posed to the air. These bones were exhibited 
in many of the cities and towns of the United 
States, and were finally sent to an eastern museum, 
I think New York. 

(8) 



112 A Revolution in the 

If we again consult our map, we will observe, 
that by the elevation of the Western Continent, 
the landed portions, including the islands of the 
world, are so distributed between the east and 
west, that the earth's center, or equilibrim, was 
restored, and it began to revolve, not how- 
ever, on a line perpendicular to the plane of its 
orbit, as at first, but at an angle of about 28 de- 
grees. This inclination was due to two principal 
causes: First, about four fifths of the land is in 
the northern hemisphere, which makes the earth 
top-heavy at the north, and inclines it about 23£ 
degrees. Second, the great continent of ice in the 
north, that formed during the period the earth 
drifted in its orbit, was another source of weight, 
and this was further augmented, by the lessening 
of the weight at the south pole, by the division of 
the waters, in restoring a South Polar Continent 
which resulted from the restoration of the revolution 
of the earth upon its axis. All these causes operated 
together, and inclined the earth, from a perpendic- 
ular, to an angle of about 28 degrees. This great 
inclination, however, was of vast importance to 
the world, as the polar ice was melted in a less 
period of time, and the earth prepared for the 
anti-types of its present flora and fauna. 

The fact that all continents, except polar con- 
tinents, are elevated by the explosion of a part of 
the shell, as a result of the expansive force of the 
fused matter, in the interior, is now a settled 
proposition; and Jupiter has given to the people of 
this globe, an ocular demonstration, as to how 
continents are elevated, above the surface of the 



Science of Cosmology. 113 

ocean. In 1878, while Jupiter was being examined 
by means of the telescope, there was a sudden 
explosion of a part of her surface, and a continent 
29,600 miles long, by 8,300 miles wide, was elevated 
above the waters that covered her surface, ex- 
cept at the poles. 

Great quantities of steam was also generated, 
by reason of the fused and highly heated mass 
from the interior coming in contact with the 
waters upon her surface. To ascertain beyond 
question, if the matter ejected from the interior of 
Jupiter, was in fact hot, the spectescope was used, 
and it was found, that the planet emitted heat, 
while it had not done so prior to that time; and 
thus the question was settled, in the affirmative of 
the proposition. 

Another question settled by the eruption in 
Jupiter, was the effect upon a planet, of the 
removal of matter, from the interior to the sur- 
face. The matter ejected from the interior of 
Jupiter to her surface, is estimated to be about 
the one tenth of one per cent, of the planet. 
Yet, this was sufficient to cause Jupiter to 
slow down in her diurnal revolution about six 
seconds; and the eruption being about half way 
from the equator to the pole, it affected her inclin- 
ation to the plane of her orbit, and the planet 
vibrated back and forth, first inclining many de- 
grees from a perpendicular, and then righting it- 
self, and passing back many degrees beyond the 
perpendicular, in an opposite direction. These 
vibrations or oscellations continued, until the new 
center was restored, and the line of revolution ad 



114 



A Revolution in the 




Cut 14.— Represents Jupiter. The continent referred to, is the 
oblong spot, that appears in her Southern hemisphere, and the 
small circular spot, represents a satellite. 



Science of Cosmology, 115 

justed to the new center, which line slightly 
inclines the planet from the perpendicular; the 
change being in proportion to the change of cen- 
ter. The vibration in the line of revolution of the 
planet Jupiter, caused many astronomers to assert, 
that the spot on Jupiter, had a motion; that it 
drifted in latitude to the north and south, but the 
drift was due to these vibrations, and not to the 
movement of the Juvian Continent. 

If the slight eruption in Jupiter, was sufficient 
to cause it to lose about six seconds, in the time of 
its revolution, and cause a variation in its line of 
revolution of more than fifteen degrees from a 
perpendicular, thus moving the continent or spot, 
over about thirty degrees of latitude; it is appar- 
ent, that, had the explosion been in proportion to 
that of the earth, at the time the eastern continent 
was elevated above the surface of the ocean, and 
two and one half per cent, of the mass of Jupiter, 
had been suddenly thrown from her interior to her 
surface, Jupiter would have been thrown out 
of center, in like manner as the earth was thrown 
out of center, and would now be drifting in her 
orbit, the same as the earth drifted, during the 
time it was out of center, and as the moon is now 
drifting in its orbit, from similar cause. 



The Glacial Period of the Earth; and the Melting of the 
Ice at the North Polar Continent. 



After the elevation of the Western continent, 
if we will observe the bodies of land as they are 
distributed over the globe, it will be apparent, 
that, while some of these are separated from 
others, by large bodies of water, yet, taken as a 
whole, they restored the equilibrium of the globe as 
between the East and West and it began to revolve 
soon after, and the water parted at the south pole, 
and resto red the polar continent. But at the North 
pole, the waters were frozen, and formed a contin- 
ent of ice, and the polar land could not be restored 
at the north, until the ice was removed. 

The earth revolved as already stated on a line 
not perpendicular to the plane of its orbit, but at 
an angle of about 28 degrees; and this inclination 
caused the sun's rays to fall upon the polar ice, at 
a less angle, by 28 degrees than when the globe 
revolved on a line perpendicular to the plane of 
its orbit. The sun cast its full rays upon the polar 
ice for about seven months in each year, beginning 
to shine at the pole, about fifteen days before 
reaching the equator in coming north, which re- 
sults from the refraction of its rays, in passing 
through the strata of atmosphere of different 
densities, and continuing its rays until it recedes to 
the point south of the equator, from which its light- 
first penetrated the pole, at the dawn of the polar 



Science of Cosmology. 117 

day. This would cause a large amount of sun 
heat to be diffused at the pole, which would have a 
great influence, in melting the ice; and added to 
this, would be the warm water setting off from the 
equator towards the poles. By reason of the 
revolution of the earth, the water would flow 
around the polar ice, and gradually undermine it. 
When this process had continued for the 
necessary period of time, the ice loosened to an ex- 
tent, that it was lifted to the surface of the water, 
taking with it the animal remains and large sec- 
tions of soil and rocks, which set off to the south 
in consequence of the centrifugal force caused by 
the earth's revolution. Fragments of this con- 
tinent of ice drifted south over Europe, Asia and 
North America, and extended down even in some 
instances, south of forty degrees north latitude. 
As it melted away it deposited in its path, the 
animal remains inclosed in the ice, and great 
quantities of soil, sand and rocks were thereby 
brought from the north and distributed over the 
land. 

This period is known, as the glacial period, 
and carried in its icy grip specimens of nearly all 
the animals known to the tropics, and their fossils, 
are now being unearthed in the glacial sands. At 
Kansas City in July 1900, there was found in the gla- 
cial sand, many feet below the surface of the ground, 
the tusks and bones of a polar elephant, that was 
brought from the polar continent, in the glacial 
ice and deposited in the sand, as the ice thawed, 
and these fossils are now in the Kansas City 
museum. Many have contended, that while the 



118 A Revolution in the 

pre-glacial polar continent was amply blessed 
with an abundance of plant and animal life, yet, 
there was no evidence to prove that man had ex- 
isted prior to the glacial period, although what 
would seem to have been his implements had often 
been discovered in glacial sands. This contention, 
however, is at last successfully met by the finding 
of human fossils in the glacial sand, in Europe, 
Asia and America, which proves that man did exist 
in the north polar continent, and his existence, 
ante-dates the glacial period. The latest find of 
human fossil, is that of Prof. Volk of New York, 
June 1900; and the following is an extract from 
The New York Mail and Express relating to this 
discovery : 

u The annual report of the Museum of Nat- 
ural History, which is lately from the press, an- 
nounces what is called a most important anthropo- 
logical discovery; it is of a human thigh bone and 
parts of a human skull found in glacial sands. 
The importance of the discovery will be under- 
stood when it is said that these are the first human 
bones found on this side of the Atlantic in geo- 
logical formations before the glacial period. Rude 
implements, presumably fashioned and used by 
pre-glacial men, have been unearthed both here 
and abroad, but never before, says Professor 
Putnam, curator of the department of anthropology 
at the museum, has there been any direct evidence 
that man existed prior to the Glaciers. 

The discovery was made by Mr. Earnest Volk, 
who is engaged in anthropological researches, 
under the auspices of the museum, in the Dela- 



Science of Cosmology. 119 




Cut 15.— Shows the relative size of the planets of this Solar system. 



120 A Revolution in the 

ware valley near Trenton. Mr. Volk has for 
months been patiently examining glacial sands re- 
moved by railroads or dug away for the use of 
potteries, and the thigh bone mentioned above was 
found in situ, that is, embedded in the stratum of 
sand where it was originally buried. The pieces 
of skull were not so found, but there is reason to 
believe that they belonged in the same stratum of 
glacial sand as the thigh bone. His work has been 
otherwise productive, but not in such an important 
degree. He has unearthed stone implements of 
the glacial period, and a portion of the scapula of 
a musk ox, the latter being found in a sand layer 
beneath undisturbed glacial gravel. In one of his 
trenches, about six feet below the surface. Mr. 
Volk has found fragmentary portions of three 
skeltons lying near together and below an un- 
broken, unmixed stratum of sand. The geological 
conditions indicate that the age of these skeletons 
is very great. 

Prof. Putnam now has the thigh and skull 
bones at the museum carefully boxed in cotton. 
The former is very white and chalky, and its sur- 
face is striated, as if scratched by glacial contact. 
The striae are like those on a highly-polished 
pebble taken from some layer a few feet distant. 
The skull bones were found in the unassorted sand 
about twenty-five feet from where the femur was 
discovered. They fit together and form a parietal 
bone. Like the femur, they are chalky, striated 
and slightly stained by iron from the gravel." 

On the Northern coast of Siberia where a great 
section of the ice was arrested in its journey south 



Science of Cosmology. 121 

by the elevation of the land, and detained till 
melted, here we find large deposits, of animal 
matter; and the islands of the Northern sea, that 
were formed of animal remains, are also due to the 
melting of large blocks of polar ice. As soon as 
this ice was melted, and the water was distributed 
over the surface of the earth, the great weight of 
polar ice being removed from the north pole, the 
globe righted itself, to the angle of about 23-J- 
degrees, which angle it now retains, with slight 
variation. Yet it is evident, that any considerable 
amount of matter discharged from the interior to 
the surface of the earth, through volcanic agencies, 
or otherwise, changes its inclination, the line of 
revolution being effected, in proportion to the 
amount of matter discharged, unless equally dis- 
tributed over the surface of the globe — which is 
never the case. 

In this connection, it may be asked. Did the 
south polar continent abound in animal and plant 
life before the change made by the inclination of 
the earth's axis, and if so, what became of their re- 
mains? To this question, we will say, that there 
is no doubt, but animal and plant life, was as 
abundant at the south polar continent as the north. 
But when the earth ceased to revolve, by being 
thrown out of center, the water closed over both 
polar continents; and while the earth drifted in its 
orbit, the north pole was turned from the sun, 
the south pole directly to the sun, and the waters 
at the south pole were therefore tropical. The 
animal remains alter the flooding of the continent, 
naturally became the food of the marine animals 



122 A Revolution in the 

that thrived and sported, in the warm placid 
waters that ingulfed the south polar continent, 
and consequently, no trace of its former animal 
and planet life is to be found. 

The United States and several European 
nations, have recently fitted out expeditions to 
search for the North pole, but seem to be wholly 
ignorant, of the condition that prevail there, and 
until they study, and learn these conditions; the 
expeditions will fail in the future, as they have in 
the past. 

These explorers speak of the open Polar sea; 
of the warm winds coming from the north; of the 
rapid increase of animal and insect life; as they 
proceed northward; and the drift coming from the 
north, bearing woods and flowers, unknown to 
botanists. All these circumstances, have served 
to awaken an interest, and at the same time, con- 
fuse the minds of the explorers; for the general 
impression has been, that the North Polar country 
was a land of perpetual ice. 

If navigators would stop, and reason from 
cause to effect, their minds would soon become 
disabused of these errors, and they would 
understand, that under natural law, the polar 
regions have the extremes of temperature, being 
excessively hot in summer during the seven 
months of day, and extremely cold in winter, dur- 
ing the five months of perpetual darkness and 
total withdrawal of the solar light and heat. When 
the sun rises at the north pole, it continues to 
shine constantly for seven months, and the thaw- 
ing of the ice begins there, where its rays continue 



Science of Cosmology. 123 

to shine during the polar day, without intermission. 
As the sun ascends the Southern sky, the heat 
increases and the thawing extends outward from 
the pole, and soon results in open water. The 
warm weather, which gradually extends to the 
South, causes a general breaking up of the ice, 
which also sets off to the South for reasons already 
given. 

These facts, are verified by the conditions in 
Alaska where we find at Dawson and Circle City, 
that in summer, the longest day is about 21 hours 
in duration and the sun's rays fall constantly on 
the earth at that point, for 21 hours out of the 
twenty-four. This causes the murcury to rise, 
often to 120 degrees (F); and in the winter, when 
the day is only about three hours long, the mur- 
cury freezes, and alcohol has to be used in its 
stead. The temperature often registers seventy, or 
more degrees below the freezing point, and the 
alcohol sometimes becomes frozen. 

We can imagine from this data, what ex- 
tremes of temperature would prevail in Alaska, if 
the sun's rays fell constantly, on one point, for 
several months, and were then withdrawn for a 
period of five months. This is the case at 
the North Pole; and consequently the hotest or 
most oppressive point upon the earth, is at the 
North Pole, at the meridian or shortly thereafter 
of its seven months day; and the coldest point is 
during its darkness or night just preceding its 
dawn. What is true of the North Polar lands 
in respect to temperature, is true of the South 
Polar lands as each results from the same natural 
law. 



124 A Revolution in the 

Science tell us, and the fact is also attested by 
navigators, that at the tropics, a current of air 
rises by reason of being heated, and sets off to- 
wards each of the poles; but as it proceeds to the 
north and south, the temperature lowers, and it 
gradually approaches the earth. The point of 
contact is called the Period of Calms; and from 
these Calms, another currant of moisture laden 
atmosphere rises, and sets off toward the poles. 
By reason of the extremely low temperature dur- 
ing the polar night of five months duration, the 
moisture perhaps falls in crystals from the mois- 
ture laden air, as it descends to the poles; and 
these crystals are blended with liquid air in their 
descent to the polar lands. Observations of naviga- 
tors in the far north prove, that the temperature is 
so low in winter that the air is often liquified, and 
falls as rain; and this liquid air, mixes with the 
crystals of moisture, and freezes, and forms the ice 
bergs that drift to the south, when the sun's rays 
have thawed the country and have changed the 
Arctic night into day. If navigators in their 
attempt to reach the north pole, would bear 
in mind, that spring begins at the pole, and 
melts the ice at that point first, gradually ex- 
tending the open water to the south; and would 
, proceed north along the western coast of Green- 
land until their further progress is stopped, by 
the darkness, and the formation of ice; and would 
there get their ships ashore, to prevent drifting 
south with the ice in the spring; they would find, 
that by August, the open sea, would extend south, 
as far as their quarters; and they could launch 



Science of Cosmology. 125 

their ships, on open water, and proceed without 
interruption to the polar continent. . 

Lands will be found at the poles but whether 
they are the same polar continents, as existed 
prior to the throwing of the earth out of center, 
when it ceased to revolve, is not essential. How- 
ever, we will say, there is much data that has a 
tendency to show, that the poles of the earth have 
changed, since that period; and that further 
changes will follow, but not as marked, and far 
reaching in effect as those of the past. The 
hibernating animals, that go north to winter, 
prove the existence of land, at the north pole, and 
it is a natural sequence of climate, that these ani- 
mals should go north to winter; for when the day 
dawns, it is continuous for the seven months. 
The thaw that sets in at the pole, is uninterrupted 
by periods of freezing, and as the spring weather 
extends to the south, the animal, and insect life 
follows, to avoid the hot climate that is soon to ob- 
tain. The warm winds come from that direction, 
north to south, and melt the ice; for the same 
reason, that the winds come from the south into 
the north temperate zone, to melt the ice, and in- 
augurate spring. • 

If navigators succeed in reaching the North 
Polar land, it will of course be accomplished dur- 
ing the seven months day, and if they expect to 
return, they should approach the land as early in 
, the day as possible, and avoid the excessive heat. 
At the same time extra precaution should be 
taken with a view to protecting their lives, from 
the danger in approaching this high temperature, 
that obtains in the after part of the Polar day. 



126 A Revolution in the 

Andre set out on his balloon voyage to the 
pole just in time to encounter the excessive heat; 
and if he lived to reach the Polar lands, he cer- 
tainly died soon after, for his preparation had been 
to protect himself and companions, against cold, 
and not against the excessive heat, incident to a 
country depressed 13 miles below sea level at the 
equator, and with a seven months day of perpetual 
sun. 

While the earth revolved upon an axis per- 
pendicular to the place of its orbit, we observed, 
that by reason of the depression of the polar con- 
tinent, the moist atmosphere, the refraction of the 
sun's ray, and the continuous day, the polar lands, 
had sufficient heat, to be adapted to semi-tropical 
animal and plant life. Now the polar continent, 
has all the benefit of a depressed surface, a moist 
heavy air, the refraction of the sun 's rays, and the 
lessening of the angle, at which the sun's rays are 
received, of 23£ degrees, which is caused by the 
inclination of the earth, and these rays, continue 
to fall uninterruptedly for seven months at a time, 
upon the one point of land, and must result in an 
excessive temperature. To immerse a person, in 
such a climate, is like placing him in an atmos- 
phere, saturated with steam. There are some cir- 
cumstances, that go to prove, that the hot moist 
air has been sufficient, when coupled with the 
inflamable qualities of coal, to ignite the latter, and 
the combustion of coal has extended far to the 
south. Professor A. J. Stone, a scientist of New 
York City, tells us that within the Arctic Circle 
along the coast of Franklin's Bay, the coal beds 



Science of Cosmology. 127 

are burning for a distance of twenty miles; and the 
conbustion seems to have started at the north, and 
has proceeded far to the south, perhaps, ex- 
tending down through a period, marked by the 
centuries. 

The north polar continent, like the south polar 
continent, has its extremes of temperature. No 
doubt, the animal and plant life, that obtains, at 
the north is suited to these conditions, and the 
drift wood and flowers encountered by navigators, 
prove from their texture and fiber, to have grown 
in just such a climate as that at the poles, hot and 
moist. 

Before closing this chapter, there is a phe- 
nomena, that has been called to our attention by 
navigators, that we desire to briefly note. That 
is the fact, that in sailing north in high latitude, 
the north star gradually rises to the zenith, and 
passes toward the stern of the ship; and that the 
waters are in a state of agitation in this same lati- 
tude. The reason for these phenomena, is evident 
when we take into consideration, that by reason of 
the revolution of the earth upon its axis, the 
waters are parted at the poles, and set off toward 
the equator; and at the equator, the diameter being 
twenty-six miles greater, then the polar diameter, 
the water, set off toward the poles. These 
waters meet and commingle, and their apex is 
between eighty and eighty-three degrees north 
latitude, and the commingling of these currents 
causes the agitation of these waters. A vessel 
passing over this apex, will witness the phenomena 
of the north star rising to the zenith, and passing 

(9) 



128 A Revolution in the 

toward the stern of the ship; all resulting from 
natural causes, the mere passing of the vessel, 
over the elevation of commingling water, sur- 
rounding the polar lands. 



The Earth Will Suddenly Change From An Opaque, To 
a Luminous Body. 



Worlds, like individuals, are subject to 
change, and such changes may come suddenly or 
gradually; but the law of nature is imperative, and 
effects matter in all its forms. 

It is evident, that if the interior of the earth 
continues to fuse, as a result of heat generated by 
the pressure of the mass of matter toward a com- 
mon center, that a period will be reached, when the 
matter constituting the shell, will not be of suffic- 
ient thickness and density, to generate the heat 
necessary to further fuse the solid matter of the 
earth. The fused matter of the interior, will 
consequently cease to expand, and there will be 
no further explosions of the shell, and no more 
continents and islands elevated above the surface 
of the ocean. 

This period is now reached in the earth's 
development, and is proven, by the rapid extinc- 
tion of volcanoes, and the contractive series of her 
earthquakes. It may be safely said, that the 
shell of the earth now is less than sixty miles in 
thickness; and all below this shell is in a state of 
fusion; as a result of natural law. 

As long as the fused matter of the interior 
exerts an«expansive influence, the force is manifest 
in the activity of the volcanoes. If the volcanoes 
are not sufficient to relieve the expansive force of 



130 A Bevolution in the 

the lava, the shell is exploded, as we have 
observed in a previous chapter, and mountain 
systems, islands and continents are elevated, above 
the surface of the waters, that previously covered 
the land. 

There has not been, for many years, an expan- 
sive earthquake upon the earth; but all are of the 
contractive series, and indicate, that the interior 
matter, is parting with its heat, through the shell 
of the earth. As the fused matter cools, it con- 
tracts in form, and is unable to occupy all the 
space enclosed by the shell of the earth; and when 
the interior cavity becomes sufficiently great, the 
shell of the earth, in the vicinity, and directly over 
the cavity, falls or sinks, till it rests again on the 
fused matter underneath. This causes a wave 
like action in the surface of the earth, for many 
miles in extent, and if the fall in the shell is slight 
we have an earth tremor; but if great, an earth- 
quake, which is of a subsidence, or contractive form. 
The great earthquakes of '84 and '86 were good ex- 
amples of the contractive series, the former having 
its center of intensity at Jamaica and Amity Ville 
Long Island, and is known as the New England 
earthquake; and the latter its center at 
Charleston, South Carolina, and is known as the 
Charleston earthquake. There has been in the 
past few years 237 earthquakes, and in some of 
these fused matter was ejected from the chasm; 
but this resulted not from the expansion of the 
lava, but from the subsidence, or falling of the 
shell of the earth. In a few of the earthquakes 
examined, the shell of the earth at the center of 



Science of Cosmology. 131 

the disturbance, fell eighteen inches, and this 
would naturally form clefts, or chasms, in the 
rocks, constituting the shell of the earth. The 
fused matter underneath the cleft, would be forced 
through the opening above, to the surface by- 
reason of the weight of the shell upon the fused 
mass. Seismology attest the fact, that since 872 
there has been 1,710 earthquakes and tremors in 
the various parts of the world, and that the num- 
of earthquakes and tremors are increasing yearly, 
which indicates, that the interior lava is rapidly 
parting with its heat. This fact, coupled with 
the further fact that the volcanoes, which a few 
centuries ago, were constantly active, but are now 
extinct or have long intervals of rest between their 
periods of activity, prove conclusively, that the 
fused matter of the interior of the earth, is grad- 
ually shrinking as it parts with its heat, which is 
being absorbed by the shell. 

Each earthquake or tremor, weakens the shell 
of the earth, in proportion to the seismic distur- 
bance; and the extent to which the shell of the 
earth has been weakened, is evidenced by the 
petroleum and natural gas deposits. 

A few centuries ago petroleum and natural gas 
fields, were confined to mountain districts, where 
the shell of the earth had *been creviced by the 
upheavals of the mountain chains, and in this sec- 
tion, the water was drawn from the surface of the 
earth to these pockets, or crevices in the shell 
below the surface. In making the descent into 
the earth, at a depth of something over a mile, the 
heat encountered separated the water into its 



132 A Revolution in the 

original elements or gases; and the oxygen unites 
with the iron of the earth, and forms an oxide of 
iron, while the hydrogen unites with the carbon, 
and the compound is forced toward the surface, 
where it is compressed into pockets or cavities in 
the rocks and forms petroleum, or natural gas, both 
haying the same origin. These pockets, or cre- 
vices, for the reception of natural gas, and petro- 
leum exists at this time, nearly all over the known 
world; and prove that nearly every part of the 
shell of the earth, has been weakened by Seismic 
disturbances, as evidenced by these deposits, of 
petroleum and natural gas. 

The results of the continuance of the shrink- 
age of the fused interior of the globe, will be the 
multiplying of earth tremors and earthquakes; 
and finally the shell will become so weak, that it 
will fall to pieces, and be buried beneath the lava 
of a burning world, and its entire mass will then 
become fused and luminous. This proposition is 
supported by scripture, which says; "the elements 
of the earth shall melt with fervent heat," and we 
find this same idea embodied and enlarged upon 
in the tenth paragraph of the third chapter of the 
second Epistle of Peter, which reads as follows: 
' 'But the day of the Lord will come as a thief in 
the night, in which the heavens shall pass away 
with a great noise, and the elements shall melt 
with fervent heat, the earth also, and the works 
that are therein, shall be burned up," 

When the shell of a globe falls to pieces and 
becomes fused, it is evident that the water will be 
immediately converted into its original gases, and 



Science of Cosmology. 133 

the hydrogen gas, which constitutes a large per 
cent, of the bulk of the water and about four-fifths 
of the bulk of the atmosphere will take fire, 
and burn with great brilliancy. When this point 
is reached hi the earth, and "the elements shall be 
on fire" as the scriptures and the evidence in 
nature tell us will take place, the astronomers of 
other worlds, will, perhaps, announce to their 
people, "That a bright star, that burned with great 
brilliancy, suddenly burst forth in this solar system," 
the same as our astronomers have announced, the 
burning of similar worlds in Cassiopea, Corona 
Borealis, Andromeda, and many other points in 
space; and the spectescope shows, that the bril- 
liancy of these burning bodies, is due to the com- 
bustion of hydrogen gas. The common destiny 
of all globes like the earth, with its present size 
and density is to eventually burn, that is, become 
fused throughout its entire mass, and thereby be- 
come a luminous body like the sun, at least for a 
time; but must burn out sooner, as its mass is less. 
Then there are other globes, like the moon, that 
owing to their diminutive size, and lack of density, 
remain opaque, even after their interiors have be- 
come fused. The moon furnishes us a good exam- 
ple of this latter class of planets. 

The moon is a little over 2.000 miles in 
diameter; and the density of its matter, is about 60 
per cent, of that of the earth. The pressure of 
the matter at the center of the moon, was sufficient, 
as is proven by her mountain system, to generate 
a heat that fused her center, which caused her to 
become a revolving magnet, and inaugurated a day 



184 A Revolution in the 

and night, similar to that of the earth. As the 
moon increased in density, the fusion of her inter- 
ior proceeded, and finally the expansive force of 
the fused interior, burst forth, through the shell, 
and elevated great mountain systems, and conti- 
nents, above the surface of her oceans, similar to 
those of the earth, but on a smaller scale. It 
requires but a slight effort of the mind, when we , 
consider, that the conditions of the moon, were 
suited to sustain animal and plant life, similar to 
the earth, to conceive in the mind, that these 
Lunar continents were peopled, and that seed 
time and harvest prevailed with them the same 
as with us. Indeed, when we observe the silent 
beds of her oceans, the mind involuntarily pictures 
vessels laden with merchandise, plowing the 
bosom of her waters, during the vigor of her plan- 
etary life; and we can observe the contests of the 
nations, as they strove with each other, for the 
mastery and for the trade and commerce of the 
world. But all this is now changed, and the vigor of 
her youth has departed; her light has gone out in 
darkness; and desolation covers her surface. She 
presents to our view, the characteristics of a dead 
world, and impresses the mind, with the fact of 
nature, that death is a condition, that sooner or 
later, comes to all created things. When the 
earth reached the period, when there was no fur- 
ther fusion of her interior, her shell was less than 
sixty miles in thickness, and the diameter of this 
shell nearly 8,000. It can readily be understood, 
that when a vacuum was created beneath this shell 
less than 60 miles in thickness, that the atmospheric 



Science of Cosmology. 135 

pressure, added to the weight or gravity of the 
shell, would cause it to settle or fall, until it again 
rested upon the fused matter; but such was not the 
case with the moon. The matter of the moon was 
less dense than that of the earth, and a given 
amount of her shell, would weigh only about 60 
per cent, of a like volume of shell taken from the 
earth; consequently the weight or gravity of the 
shell of the moon, would be nearly 40 per cent, 
less than a like quantity of the earth's shell, and 
would not require the strength to hold it in posi- 
tion, and keep it from crumbling and prevent sub- 
sidence. 

Added to this was the favorable condition of 
the moon's atmosphere, which, at that time, 
exerted a pressure or weight at the surface of her 
seas, of perhaps not to exceed four and one half 
pounds to the square inch of surface; while, with 
the earth, it was about fifteen pounds to the square 
inch. The moon was further favored in the pre- 
servation of her shell, by the smallness of her 
globe, which was only about one-fourth the 
diameter of the earth; and, coupled with all these 
favorable conditions, is the fact: that the shell of 
the moon at the time, when the pressure or gravity 
of her matter ceased to further fuse her interior; 
was not less than 240 miles in thickness, while 
that of the earth was less than sixty miles. 

There could not have been, under these condi- 
tions, a subsidence of the shell of the planet moon 
at any point upon her surface, but, as her fused 
interior parted with its heat, by being absorbed in 
the shell, the fused matter contracted in form, 



136 A Revolution in the 

and created cavities in the interior. The shell 
of the moon retained its form and the cavities re- 
mained unfilled; and finally, the great interior of 
the moon became so hollow, by reason of the 
shrinkage of the fused matter in cooling, that water 
was -drawn from the surface to the interior of the 
moon. When the water from her surface came in 
contact with the intense heat of the interior, great 
quantities of steam was immediately formed, and 
one side of the moon was blown literally to pieces 
by its expansive force. The water from her 
surface rushed into the interior through this open- 
ing, and the moon was thrown out of center, and 
ceased to revolve upon her axis. The loose 
matter which constituted the shell of the moon in 
the region of the explosion, fell back into the chasm 
filled with water, and there boiled in the highly 
heated waters of the moon for centuries, the steam 
escaping in bubbles through the surface, and pre- 
senting an appearance not unlike that of a boiling 
kettle of mush. The escaping steam gave rise to the 
great volcanic craters on her surface, which have 
a counterpart in the geysers of the National Park 
on the Yellowstone, and result from the same 
cause. 

While the moon is a dead world, as compared 
to what it was in the vigor of its youth; yet it has 
some sort of an atmosphere; for moisture, on many 
occasions, has been seen in the form of a small 
cloud suspended directly over the basin Linne 
and this fact establishes the truth of two proposi- 
tions: First, That the water that was formerly on 
the surface of the moon, is now in the interior. 



Science of Cosmology. 



137 




2 s 

■^ -2 

O fcO 

gf 

o ^ 

« © 

o3 O 

2 c 

C ju 



o ^ 



si 



138 A Revolution in the 

Second, That the mpon must have an atmosphere, 
or clouds of moisture could not rise; but the at- 
mosphere is so light, there being no water surface 
from which to gather moisture, that it has been a 
difficult matter for astronomers to detect any 
atmosphere, which has lead many to the erroneous 
conclusion that the moon is without an atmosphere 
and is therefore an exception to the general rule 
of planets. 

The moon, as compared with its former life, 
may be considered a dead world, thrown out of 
center, and drifting in its orbit around the earth, 
with its heavy part, for reasons already stated, 
turned from the earth, with all her waters in the 
interior. As she drifts in her oA>it, with her 
fractured side (somewhat flattened by the boiling 
of the centuries) turned towards the earth, she 
impresses the mind with a sense of waste* and 
desolation; and we say, her quiet is that of death. 
It seems we read in her face the trace of the agonies 
incident to a dying world; and yet, what appears 
to be death in the moon, may be another form of 
existence, and the little planet may be fulfilling 
its great mission in the mechanism of the universe, 
that was planned from the dawn of creation. 



Science of Cosmology. 



139 




Cut 17.— Represents a section of the moon at greater range; ex- 
posing her craters and lava beds. 



Electricity as Manifest, in the Cyclone, and in Veget- 
able and Animal Growth. 



We have noticed, the functions of electricity, 
in solar and planetary growth, and how the orbits 
of solar systems and planets, conform to the 
electric waves thrown out from the governing 
magnet; and that a magnetic globe at rest, throws 
off its electrical currents in the form of concentric 
globes of electricity. By this law, the spherical 
forms of all globes is preserved, so long as the 
matter is free to act and arranges itself according 
to the force of gravity, which force, is the result 
of electricity, as has been clearly demonstrated, in 
electro-science. 

We find in the unstratified rocks, that the 
Glaciers brought down from the far north, and 
scattered over the northern portion of North 
America as the ice dissolved, evidences of these 
electrical concentric spheres, showing, that when 
the small globes of matter were formed, which 
eventually results in these unstratified rocks, that 
the matter was arranged in concentric spheres or 
growths; corresponding no doubt, to the original 
electrical currents, thrown out by the small 
central magnet which in many instances are 
plainly visible, but in most cases obliterated, or 
nearly so, by the pressure of matter, and the 
action of the water in the hardening process of the 
rocks. The same law is often manifest, in the 
arrangement of Solar Nebula as appears in Cut 18. 



Science of Cosmology. 



141 




Cut 18.— Represents planetary nebula, arranged in circular zones,- 
according to the laws of electricity. 



142 A Revolution in the 

When we pass from the stellar, to vegetable 
and animal kingdoms, we find evidence, of electri- 
city in the development of vegetable and plant 
forms; each form being highly charged with 
electricity, which is often, under favorable condi- 
tions, manifest. It has been observed, that often 
in plucking a flower at night, a small electric 
spark will pass from the plant to the hand, at the 
point of contact, where the circuit is completed. 
Sometimes electricity is so manifest m the in- 
dividual that he is enabled to perform feats in 
animal magnetism, to the astonishment of those 
not conversant with the cause. This influence 
is often observed in political and religous gather- 
ings; and in the former we ascribe the peculiar 
action, to enthusiasm, and say, "The Convention 
was taken off its feet," and under its peculiar 
power, we are often prone to support men and 
measures that are contrary to our best judgment, 
in our more rational moments. la the present 
development of electro -science, there are many 
manifestation of electricity, that we know, but 
cannot explain. We know that an highly 
charged copper wire, will under certain condition 
cut bars of iron, as easily as a hot knife will cut 
butter; yet we cannot explain why. We know 
too, that in electrotyping and plating, that elec- 
tricity will dissolve the metal from one surface, 
and deposit it upon the other, as firmly, or even 
more firmly, than it would have been deposited, 
had it been melted, but we cannot tell why. 
The process of electrotyping is now thor- 
oughly understood, by the great mass of the 



Science of Cosmology. 143 

people, and is extensively carried on, as a 
business in nearly all the great cities; and books 
are now largely printed from electros, instead of 
type. The common mode is to set up a few pages 
of type, and then take the impression of the face 
of the type upon a thin mould of wax. Powdered 
plumbago is then applied by a brush, to the sur- 
face of the wax mould, to make it a conductor of 
the electric current. This mould is then flowed with 
alcohol, to prevent adhesion and bubbles, followed 
by a solution of copper sulphate and dusted with 
iron filings; and there is then formed by chemical 
action, a thin film of copper, on the surface of the 
plumbago. A bath, is then prepared, consisting 
of a solution of Blue Vitriol, in diluted sulphuric 
acid, and the mould is suspended from the minus 
pole of the galvanc battery, into this bath, and 
from the opposite, or plus pole, is suspended a 
copper plate. The electric current is turned on 
and the copper is dissolved from the plate, and 
deposited on the mould; but how this is done, and 
the natural law by which it is accomplished, we 
cannot explain, as electro-science has not suffici- 
ently advanced to comprehend the cause of this 
phenomenon. We find the same lack of knowledge 
when we attempt to explain the causes of certain 
electrial phenomena, manifest in animal and plant 
growth, as we encounter in electrotyping and 
plating. We know that certain effects observable 
in the animal and plant development, is directly 
due to electricity, as the cause; but the logic as to 
how the cause operated in bringing about the re- 
sults, is at present unknown to science. 

(10) 



144 A Revolution in the 

The growth in the animal and plant kingdoms 
are similar, and results from the forcing of atoms 
of matter from the interior to the surface; and this 
tissue of plant and animal matter forms in layers 
or circles similar to electric circles. We observe 
that the blood of animals and the sap of plants, 
hold in solution the tissue of their respective 
bodies and that the function of these liquids is to 
carry the atoms of matter to the different parts of 
the animal and plant bodies in repairing waste and 
promoting growth; but the question that is to be 
solved is howdo these liquids act, and from whence 
comes the power, that enables them to discharge 
these important duties. 

When we analyze the blood of animals we find 
Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Sulphur, 
Phosphorus, Silicum, Chlorine, Fluorine, Iron, 
Magnesium, Aluminum, Copper and the traces 
of many other substances, and it will be observed 
that in the above named ingredients, appear those, 
that were used as a bath in electrotyping and 
plating. This being true, is not the blood of 
animals, the bath in which is held in solution the 
tissue of the animal body? And are not these 
atoms of tissue, carried by electricity to the various 
parts of the body, and deposited, in repairing loss 
and in the promotion of animal growth; in like 
manner, as the atoms of metal were carried and 
deposited, in the process of electrotyping and plat- 
ing? Analysis shows, that the sap of plants also 
contain the necessary ingredients for a bath, in 
which the electricity can act in repairing loss and 
promoting growth in the plant; and that the cir- 



Science of Cosmology. 145 

culation of these liquids in the animal and plant 
bodies, conform to the laws of electricity, as mani- 
fested by their circuits. There are many evi- 
dences, that tend to prove, that the pulsation of 
the heart, is due to the presence of electricity, and 
correspond to those electrical pulsation, observed 
in the earth, and many times in the cyclone. 

Cyclonic disturbances seem to be the result 
of electricity, and on no other theory can its pecu- 
liar freaks be explained. It has been noticed that 
prior to the coming of the storm, an oppressive 
quiet in the atmosphere obtains. The air becomes 
hot, and laden with moisture, currents of 
electricity are discharged from the earth into the 
hot moisture laden atmosphere, effecting respira- 
tion to an extent, plainly observable in the lower 
animals, in their disposition to move about, and 
change position, and man often experiences the 
same sensation of unrest. 

Finally the currents become so strong, that 
electric wires and instruments plainly foretell the 
approaching tempest, and a small dark cloud sud- 
denly appears on the horizon. 

The currents of electricity now become 
plainly visable, and pass in great volume from the 
earth into the cloud. Such discharges have re- 
ceived the name of blanket or sheet lightning, as 
it permeates the whole cloud mass, and renders 
every part luminous by flashes of light. 

Other small clouds appear almost simultane- 
usly at other points on the horizon, and rapidly 
increase in volume and momentum, and are highly 
charged with electric energy. Sparks, and some- 



146 A Revolution in the 

times balls of electrical fire, are discharged from 
the cloud j into the earth, proving that the cloud 
by reason of the combination with other clouds of 
different densities, and temperature, has been 
changed into a magnet of great power. What is 
true of this cloud, is true of the other clouds on 
the horizon, and finally their electricities, having 
their connecting currents in the earth, cause 
them to approach each other; and when they get 
within the circle of their magnetic currents they 
unite with great momentum into one mighty re- 
volving magnet, with its minus pole turned to- 
wards the earth. 

This great revolving magnet of water, wind 
and electricity, is formed in the air, and usually 
has the opposite electricity to that of the earth; 
and is in consequence, attracted to the earth 's sur- 
face, under the law, that electricities attract the 
opposites; and as soon as the cyclone magnet 
comes in contact with the earth; its electricites 
are changed by induction, to that of the earth's; and 
as like electricites repel each other, the cyclone 
magnet is expelled from the earth into the air, 
where it parts with its acquired electricities and as- 
sumes the natural or opposite form to that of the 
earth, and is again attracted to the surface, and 
expelled as before, and so it continues until the 
storm spends its force. We say, the cyclone 
jumps, in its travels as it is a part of the time in 
mid air. but the cause of the jumping was not 
known. 

There is no doubt but the momentum of the 
wind, revolving around a center with great velo- 



Science of Cosmology. 147 

city, and loaded as it is, with torrents of water, 
would devastate a country, and create waste and 
havoc in its pathway, but many of the phenomena 
connected with the cyclone, cannot be attributed 
to wind and water. 

Take for instance the cyclone in Oklahoma a 
few years ago. There was a steel rake standing in 
the path of the storm, which was but slightly 
changed in position, after the storm had passed; 
yet, on one of the wheels the iron tire was cut 
loose, and removed, and the steel wire spokes, 
were wound around the iron hub of the wheel, and 
partially melted, and run together; wind and rain 
could not have accomplished this work. Again 
chickens are often found in the path of the storm, 
stripped of their feathers, and the bones and skin 
nowhere broken; and strong trees are twisted off, 
and weak ones near by left unharmed. Cases are 
recorded where light and heavy objects have oc- 
cupied the same relative position and the heavy 
object was taken and carried away by the storm 
and the light one left. A case is cited in Missouri, 
where a farmer trimmed his hedge, by cutting it 
off near the ground, leaving a stump about four 
inches high. The hedge was three years old and 
deeply rooted; yet, where the cyclone passed over, 
there was a gap in the hedge nearly twenty feet 
wide, where the plants had been torn out by the 
roots, as though they had been pulled up, out of 
the earth, by a giant's power. Such manifesta- 
tions could not result from the force of wind and 
water. 

The published account of the cyclone, that 



148 A Revolution in the 

swept a part of Arkansas in the early eighties, 
contains the record of a man by the name of 
Fulton, that was taken up into the cyclone, and 
carried nearly a quarter of a mile, and was let 
down to the earth uninjured. In 1889 when Okla- 
homa was opened to settlement, and people rushed 
into the territory from all parts of the United 
States, I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Fulton 
at Guthire, Oklahoma, where like many others he 
had come in search of a fortune. He impressed 
me as a truthful man, and related his experience 
in aerial navigation in detail, and I will try to 
give it in his own words, as nearly as I can re- 
member it. He said: 4 'I had just returned from 
town in my Democrat wagon, and my wife and 
children were with me. In the back part of the 
wagon were the wheels of my lumber wagon, that 
I had brought from the shop, to which I had taken 
them a few days before, to have the tires set; and 
as I drove to the house, the storm was approach- 
ing, with a terrific roar. I told my wife to take 
the children and run to the cellar, and that I 
would come as soon as I could loose the horses 
from the wagon; but before I could unhitch my 
team, the storm broke upon me. It seemed to be 
let right down from the sky, and where I was, 
there was but little wind. My weight immediately 
disappeared, and I rose in the air just like a 
baloon, the wagon wheels, a feather bed that my 
wife had out a sunning, some lumber, and one of 
the horses was taken up right along with me, and 
one seemed to float just as easy as the other; in 
other words there seem to be no difference in our 



Science of Cosmology. 119 

weight. We seemed to go to the top of the storm 
cloud, and then to drift out over the upper surface 
of the cloud, toward the outer edge of the circle, 
gradually coming nearer to the ground. In the 
drift I became separated from the horse, the 
wagon wheels, feather bed and lumber, and all 
this time, I know what was taking place, but could 
not help myself, it is an awful feeling. I could 
not as much as move a finger, my body seemed 
perfectly lifeless. Finally when I got within about 
forty or fifty feet of the ground, I felt the sensa- 
tion of weight gradually returning, and in a few 
seconds more, I dropped to the ground, dazed 
somewhat, and had a few bruises, but no bones 
broken, and practically uninjured. In the great 
cyclone at Kirksville, Mo., in 1899, the published 
accounts show, that a man by the name of Webster 
was taken up into the storm cloud and carried 
about two blocks, and let down uninjured; and 
near the place where Webster was taken up, was 
a hitching post, that was set in the ground over 
two feet, and this post was taken up by the storm 
and removed. These phenomena must be at- 
tributed to some other power then wind and 
water, and that mysterious power can be nothing 
less then electricity. We have observed the law 
that in electricity, " like repels like, and attracts the 
opposite," and the practical working of this law is 
manifest in the cyclone, as is also the law of 
centrifugal ity of matter in a revolving body. 

The clouds that compose the cyclone, carry 
great volumes of water, and when the revolving 
magnet is formed, by reason of the revolution of 



150 A Revolution in the 

the cyclone mass there is a separation of the 
matter of the cyclone on the line of revolution, 
extending from pole to pole of the revolving mag- 
net, from base to apex, and resembling a great pipe 
cavity or core in which there is comparatively no 
water, nor wind. This pipe like cavity is highly 
electrified and varies in diameter from a few feet 
to several yards; and gathers debris at the minus 
pole which is next the earth, and discharges it at 
the plus or upper pole of the revolving magnet. 
When this revolving cloud dropped down upon 
Mr. Fulton, he came within the core or pipe, and 
was taken up, and discharged at the upper pole, 
and floated to the outer limits of the circle, just as 
he stated; and the reason of his peculiar sensation 
is the change in his electricites, from one form to 
the other. All substances, resting upon the sur- 
face of the earth, has w 7 h&t may be termed a 
permanent electricity, which is opposite in form 
to that of the earth's, and which electricity is the 
cause of weight. Two objects possessing op- 
posite electricities, attract each other, in propor- 
tion to volume. Man for instance, attracts the 
earth, and the earth attracts the man, each in pro- 
portion to volume, and hence man remains upon 
the earth; and experiences the sensation of weight 
(gravity) which is a result of attraction of the op- 
posite electricites, with which each body is charg- 
ed. When the cyclone dives down to the earth, 
where it is surcharged by the earth electricites, 
the earth's discharges more forcibly, through the 
ascending core or pipe; and as Mr. Pulton was 
within this opening, at the base of this core, the 



Science of Cosmology. 151 

electricites in his body were changed to that of 
the earth and cyclone; the one being beneath and 
the other around and above him; and his body was 
in part a medium through which the electrial 
current passed from the earth into the cyclone. 
A.s "like repels like" the man and the cyclone, 
and any other substance between the earth and 
storm center, serving as a media, through 
which the currents passed, were expelled from the 
surface of the earth into the air, by the force of 
the earth's currents, and had in fact no weight. 
Hence Mr. Fulton could not experience the 
sensation of weight, when the electricities of his 
body were changed to those of the earth. 

For this same reason, when the core of the 
cyclone passed over the hedge in Missouri, the 
plants were surcharged with the earth's electrici- 
ties, and thrown out of the ground, by the earth's 
currents, under the same law that like repels 
like. 

It has also been demonstrated, that by wetting 
thoroughly the feathers of a chicken, and submit- 
ting its body to electrical influences until it becomes 
thoroughly and highly charged, the feathers loosen 
similar to what they do in scalding, and the force 
of water and wind, as experienced in the cyclones, 
or even the wind itself, can remove them from the 
body of the foul with ease. 

That electricity is the great factor in the des- 
truction of property in the path of a cyclone there 
can be no doubt, and even if there was a doubt, it 
was certainly removed by an incident in Central 
Kansas. A merchant was building a store room. 



152 A Revolution in the 

and among the material was plate glass for the 
front of the building, and these lay on the ground, 
one upon the other, unpacked, as the mechanics 
were about ready to use them. On this glass sat 
a keg from which the nails had been used, and 
immediately to one side, set a full keg of nails 
from which the head was partly removed. The 
cyclone came and carried away and destroyed 
much of the material and buildings. But one of the 
freaks of the storm, was that the glass remained, 
and the empty keg occupied its position upon the 
plate glass apparently not moved, after the storm 
had passed; while the keg of nails that stood just 
by the side of the glass was taken up by the storm 
and carried away. The circumstance occasioned 
a great deal of wonderment, and could not be 
accounted for under the theory of wind and rain; 
but under the laws of electricity such results fol- 
low. The core of the cyclone descended in the 
vicinity of the building, and the glass referred to 
was within this core, and hence there was com- 
paratively no wind, and the glass being a non-con- 
ductor of electricity, the current did not pass 
through, and the empty keg sitting upon them, was 
not charged with electricity from the earth, and 
retained its weight; while the keg of nails that 
stood on the ground immediately beside the glass, 
became a medium through which the earth's cur- 
rents passed into the cyclone, and the keg of nails 
possessed the same electricity, as that of the 
cyclone and earth, and had no weight and was 
carried away. 

Individuals that have been in houses destroyed 



Science of Cosmology. 153 

by cyclone, say, that just before the destruction 
comes there is a calm, and the house seems to rise 
from the foundation, as though it had no weight, 
and the windows immediately break and fall out- 
ward, and the doors and different parts of the 
building, seem to be forced outward instead of in- 
ward. This is true of all buildings destroyed y 
that come within the core of the 'cyclone in its 
descent to the earth, and the reason of the mater- 
ial of the building falling outward, is the fact that 
the core of the cyclone is largely deprived of air, 
as it was formed by the parting of the mass of th e 
cloud at the line of revolution, and is, as compared 
with the density of the air, a partial vacuum; while 
the atmosphere in the building exerts a pressure 
of about fourteen pounds to the square inch at a 
common altitude. When the house that is filled 
with an atmosphere exerting a pressure of four- 
teen pounds to the square inch, becomes inclosed 
in the core of the cyclone, where a large per cent, 
of the pressure is removed from the outside; the 
air within the building suddenly expands, and 
explodes the building; throwing the material out- 
ward; and on this theory, the action of the cyclone 
is consistant with natural law governing the 
case. The cyclone although an unwelcome visitor, 
has demonstrated how electricity may be used in 
navigating the air. When the cyclone is attracted 
to the earth by reason of its opposite electricities, 
it becomes surcharged by induction, with the more 
powerful currents of the earth's electricities, and as 
soon as it acquires the same form of electricity as 
that of the earth, it rises in mid air; carrying heavy 



154 A Revolution in the 

objects as well as light ones, which float for a time 
apparently without weight. Now, if scientists can 
solve the problem as to the process by which we 
may charge the electricity in objects to be trans- 
ported to the same as that of the earth, then these 
objects will have no weight, and will float readily 
in mid air, and the electricities can then be so 
adjusted in the objects to be transported, that they 
may be floated at will, and the navigation of the 
atmosphere will thereby become a fact. 

When electro-science has advanced to the stage 
of aerial navigation, it will perhaps be among the 
possibilities, that communication may be had be- 
tween the people of the earth, and those of some 
of the other planets, if such has, indeed, not 
already taken place. A few years ago, what was 
supposed to be a meteorite, fell near the City of 
Rochester, New York, and the New York Sun 
published a long account of its peculiarities. The 
outside parts had been melted by the friction of 
the air, in its descent to the earth; but there was a 
shell of some sort of a preparation, that remained 
intact and was not fused from the intense heat. 
This shell, on being broken, contained written char- 
acters that were pronounced by experts, a com- 
munication from some other planet; and as Mars 
was near the earth at that time, it was naturally 
supposed that it came from that planet. The 
characters were something like Chinese characters, 
or ancient Hebrew, but were, in fact, neither, 
and were pronounced the characters of some 
language unknown to this world. The find was 
turned over to the college or high school at 



Science of Cosmology. 155 

Rochester, and I wrote the faculty for a denial or 
verification of the New York World article, and 
they stated that the article was authentic and con- 
tained the facts, with reference to the meteoric 
find. 

As strange as this proposition may seem, if we 
understood the laws of electricity, so we could 
change one form to another, at will, we could 
accomplish wonders as yet unknown, and if stated 
at this age would not be believed. All weight 
results from electricity, and the object on the 
earth must be charged with the opposite kind to 
that of the earth, in order to have weight, or 
gravity. If we could change the electricities 
in objects to that of the earth, they would 
float in mid air, as we have observed in the cyclone, 
where, by a process in nature, unknown to us, 
this change is effected, and the object floats as 
easily as a balloon. If we could change the elec- 
tricities in our bodies to that of the earth, we 
could so adjust our weight, that we could walk 
upon the waters or rise in mid air; and, no doubt 
many of the acts of our Savior, which seem 
to us miracles, would be easily comprehended, if 
we understood the natural law by which he oper- 
ated. If the inhabitants of Mars have sufficiently 
advanced in electro- science, so by their instru- 
ments, they can ascertain the character of the 
electricity of the earth, they may then know 
exactly what the opposite must be in order to 
attract the earth, and to be in turn attracted by 
the earth. They will also know the kind of elec- 
tricity in Mars, and that the body to be expelled 



156 A Revolution in the 

from her surface must be charged with a like 
electricity. Being in possession of all these facts 
we can see if they wanted to send a communication 
to the earth how they might do it. 

The first thing necessary is to engrave the 
communication to be sent on something that will 
not melt by the friction of the air, in its rapid 
transit through space and the atmosphere, and this 
it seems, from the published account, was done. 
The communication must then be enclosed in a 
shell that will not fuse in passing through the air, 
and this precaution was also taken. 

This shell must then be enclosed in something 
that will contain the necessary electrical machin- 
ery, that will change its electricity to that of Mars, 
and so maintain it, until the body proceeds out- 
side of Mar's direct influence; and there the elec- 
tricity must be again changed by automatic con- 
trivances to the opposite form to that of the earth, 
and it will then be attracted to her surface. 

Of course, it will be said that these ideas are 
visionary, and perhaps they are, but fifty years 
ago, the same was said of the individual, who 
thought it possible that electricity might sometime 
be used to run cars, and to % convey the voice, so 
that persons could talk to each other hundreds of 
miles apart; yet the electric car and the telephone 
is a fact, as evidenced in every day life. 

When we contemplate the achievments of the 
century just past, and take these as a basis by 
which to judge the progress in the coming cen- 
tury, who will attempt to circumscribe our bounds, 
or limit the possibilities of the future, in the on- 



Science of Cosmology. 157 

ward progress of the world, towards the great 
destiny that await our coming, in the centuries yet 
to dawn. 



NOV 241900 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




